Mapbox-filter - filtering mbtiles file according to Mapbox GL JS styles

A library that can interpret a subset of the Mapbox style epxression, a very simplified parser for the Mapbox GL JS style and an executable that can:

• Dump the tile (.mvt, .pbf files) and show which features will be included given the style file at a particular zoom level.
• Iterate through the mbtiles file and filter the tile contents according to the MapBox style, thus making the mbtiles file smaller.
• Preprocess attributes with right-to-left (arabic etc.) text fields; as a result the mapbox-gl rtl plugin can be omitted.
• Run a webserver for
  • serving the tiles from the mbtile file
  • serving the real-time filtered tiles
  • after serving a tile saving the compressed tile back to the database (Planetiler database only is currently supported in this mode)
• Publish tiles to S3 so that you don't need to run a webserver at all. As this can take a very long time, incremental, differential and parallel upload is supported.

This library supports only a subset of the expression language (https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/style-spec/#expressions-types). It's because I don't need that and most of the language isn't going to be used in the filter expression anyway. If you need features that are not implemented yet, create an issue.

The filtering first executes the filtering expression and removes features that will not be displayed. Then it removes metadata that is not used in the styles. The removal process is currently somewhat crude (it retains all metadata used at the particular layer), but it should be enough for most usecases.

Currently only the Planetiler mbtile files are supported for filter and publish commands. The web command should be compatibile with any mbtile file.

How to compile

1. Install stack - https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/README/
2. stack setup
3. stack build
4. stack install - installs binary mapbox-filter to ~/.local/bin
5. or you can run stack exec -- mapbox-filter instead without installing

I have not tested it but it will probably work on Windows as well.

A special version of text-icu library is required. Everything should work correctly with stack, cabal users need to look into the stack.yaml file and install the library manually.

Moving data from a zoom-level down

Sometimes it might be desirable to move some data from a higher zoom-level to a lower zoom-level. The copy-down function replaces all data that is matched by the filter from the destination zoom level with data form one level up. In the following example, the river data is moved from zoom 9 to zoom 8.

{
  "dst-zoom": 8,
  "source-layer": "waterway", 
  "filter": [
    "all",
    ["==", ["geometry-type"], "LineString"],
    ["!=", ["string", ["get", "class"]], "stream"],
    [
      "match",
      ["string", ["get", "brunnel"], ""],
      ["tunnel", "bridge"],
      false,
      true
    ]
  ]
}

Examples

Show CLI help:

$ mapbox-filter -h
$ mapbox-filter publish -h

Apply the style on all the tiles in the cz.mbtiles. The process uses all available CPUs. You can you use multiple -j options to create one file containing data for all styles.

$ mapbox-filter filter -j mapboxstyle.json cz.mbtiles

Serve the mbtiles file. The endpoint for MapBox is: http://server_name:3000/tiles/metadata.json

$ mapbox-filter web -p 3000 cz.mbtiles

Serve the mbtiles file while doing online filtering according to the mapboxstyle.json file. Pre-process the right-to-left metadata text fields.

$ mapbox-filter web -p 3000 --rtl-convert -j mapboxstyle.json cz.mbtiles

Publish filtered mbtiles to S3. Higher parallelism might be desirable, use the -p parameter to facilitate more parallel uploads to S3.

$ mapbox-filter publish 
  -j mapboxstyle.json
  -u https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/my-test-bucket/styled-map
  -t s3://my-test-bucket/styled-map -p 10 cz.mbtiles

Incremental job

Unless given the -f option, the filtering/publishing remembers roughly the last position and when restarted, the job starts from the last position. The information is retained in a file <name>.mbtiles.SOME_NUMBERS. When the mbtile file is replaced or the style is changed, the SOME_NUMBERS change and a new full job is forced.

Differential upload

The S3 is billed by a access request; in order to minimize access costs, the program automatically creates a file <name>.mbtile.hashes. When the publishing is complete, copy the file manually to S3 to have the information available later. Upon next job restart (regardless if with or without the -f option), you can specify the hash database with the --hashes-db parameter; only the changed tiles will be uploaded or deleted. A new hashes file will be created. This should minimize costs upon country updates, when only a minority of the tiles is changed.

Performance considerations

Parallelism and RTS tuning

The filter and publish commands by default use as many cores as is available on the computer. However, sometimes this does not lead to better performance. You can limit the number of cores with a special RTS (runtime system) command -N. It might be also beneficial to tune garbage collector with the -A parameter; you may need to experiment with the settings.

When publishing directly to S3, the bottleneck is usually the network; in such case it may be better to use higher parallelism to achieve higher throughput. The following command will use 16 cores, 80 parallel threads and has an allocation unit set to 1 megabyte:

$ mapbox-filter publish -j openmaptiles.json.js -u https://xxx.cloudfront.net/w --rtl-convert -t s3://my-map-bucket/w osm-planet.mbtiles -p80 +RTS -N16 -A1m

MD5 database tuning

When publishing the data, a new database of md5 hashes is automatically created to aid with differential uploads. Unfortunately, the access to the database is serialized. Therefore, it might be best to run the job in ramdisk. On Linux, this would mean changing directory somewhere to tmpfs, e.g. /dev/shm. Create a symlink to the original mbtiles file (e.g. /dev/shm/world.mbtiles) and then run the command in the /dev/shm directory. The md5 database will be created on a ramdisk.

Alternatively, SSD disk or some enterprise storage system with write cache might be fast enough with more assurance in case of power loss.

What next

This started as a way to learn typechecking in Haskell and how to make a typed AST using GADTs. It took about 1 day to make it work and it practically worked on the first try. Haskell is impressive. Obviously since the first day a lot of functionality and better performance was added.