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awesome-numbers

A collection of various awesome numbers

Physical Constants

  • Pi: 3
  • Speed of light: 3 x 108 m/s
  • Planck's constant: 7 x 10-34 J s
  • Elementary charge: 2 x 10-19 C
  • Avogadro's constant: 6 x 1023
  • Boltzmann's constant: 1 x 10-23 J/K (= R/NA)
  • Stefan-Boltzmann constant: 6 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4
  • Universal gravitational constant: 7 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
  • Universal gas constant = 8 J/mol K

Atoms and Molecules

  • Atomic radius: 1 angstrom = 10-10 m
  • Electron binding energy: 3 eV
  • Mass of an electron: 10-30 kg
  • Mass of a proton: 2000 x melectron
  • Mass of a neutron: same as proton
  • Radius of a proton: 10-15 m

Earth

  • World Population: 6 x 109
  • US Population: 3 x 108
  • Mass of Earth: 6 x 1024 kg
  • Radius of Earth: 6 x 106 m
  • Radius of Earth's orbit: 8 light minutes
  • Solar constant: 1 x 103 W/m2
  • Atmospheric sea level pressure: 1 x 105 Pa
  • Gravitational acceleration: 10 m/s2

Solar System

  • Radius of sun: 102 Rearth
  • Radius of moon: 1/4 Rearth
  • Radius of Mars: 1/2 Rearth
  • Radius of Venus: 1 Rearth
  • Radius of Jupiter: 10 Rearth

Water

  • Density: 1 x 103 kg/m3
  • Dynamic viscosity: 1 x 10-3 Pa s
  • Heat capacity: 4 x 103 J/kg K
  • Latent heat of vaporization: 2 x 106 J/kg
  • Latent heat of fusion: 3 x 105 J/kg

Air

  • Density: 1 kg/m3
  • Dynamic viscosity: 1 x 10-5 Pa s
  • Heat capacity: 1 x 103 J/kg K

Rocks

  • Density: 4 x 103 kg/m3
  • Dynamic viscosity: 1019 to 1024 Pa s
  • Heat capacity: 1 x 103 J/kg K
  • Thermal expansivity: 10-4 K-1
  • Thermal diffusivity: 10-6 m2/s
  • Silicate heat production: 10-11 W/kg

Biology

  • Aerobic respiration: 500 kJ/mole of carbon
  • Mammal power consumption: 1 W/kg
  • Foods like fats and carbohydrates have an energy content of 5 to 10 kcal/g.
  • Redfield Ratio C:N:P is 100:10:1

Energy

  • US per capita power consumption: 10 kW
  • Global per capita power consumption: 2 kW
  • Mean incident solar radiation: 300 W
  • Nuclear fusion: 1 MeV/nucleon/atomic mass [Note: this is per atomic mass basis and also different from the notes]
  • Nuclear fission: 10-2 MeV/nucleon/atomic number [Note: this is per atomic number basis]

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