A pre-configured, user-friendly, easy termux shell for your android phone / tablet / device. Termux is a powerful Android app which is designed to install linux packages on your Android devices, programming languages such as Shell, Python, C, C++, Perl, Ruby, Java and many more useful packages. This script will help you get cranking at it with no errors from scripts, hassles or broken installations if you are new to termux.
- Android 7.0 - 12.0
- CPU: AArch64, ARM, i686, x86_64.
- At least 300 MB of disk space.
--- Download Termux from fdroid ---
To install everything in this guide, download the file, type in terminal where your downloaded file is;
bash newscript.sh
- Homescreen
- Common shortcut keys
- Extended function buttons
- Access external storage
- Common tools to be installed
- Custom extended function buttons
- Themes; colours and fonts
- Oh my Zsh setup [Plugins included]
- Powerline included
A long press on the screen will display a selectable copy cursor, along with the Copy, Paste, More ... options.
- Click More ... to go to the next menu level.
Long press on screen
├── COPY: Copy
├── PASTE: Paste
├── More: More
├── Select URL: Select URL
└── Share transcipt: transfer all output of the current session (via Android api)
└── Reset: Reset
└── Kill process: Kill the current terminal session process
└── Style: Style (requires Termux: Styling plugin)
└── Keep screen on:
└── Help: Help documentation (Termux Wiki)
Swipe right from the left edge of the screen to drag out the navigation bar, where you can create, switch, rename sessions, and bring up input methods.
When using the terminal, you need to use the Alt, Ctrl, Esc and other keys, but these keys are not available on the phone.
In Termux, you can use the volume down button to simulate the Ctrl key. For example, volume + L is equivalent to pressing Ctrl + L on the keyboard.
The following are some of the shortcuts commonly used in the terminal, and they also work in Termux.
Ctrl + A-> cursor to start position
Ctrl + E-> cursor to the end
Ctrl + K-> Cut everything from here to the end
Ctrl + U-> Cut everything from here to the beginning
Ctrl + W-> Cut here to the left
Ctrl + Y-> Paste words cut by Ctrl + U, Ctrl + D, Ctrl + W
Ctrl + L-> equivalent to clear command, clear screen
Ctrl + C-> terminate process / command
Ctrl + D-> close terminal
Ctrl + Z-> Suspend (send SIGTSTP to) the current process
The volume plus button can be used as a special key to generate a specific input, which can be roughly understood as the Fn key on a laptop.
Volume + E-> Esc
Volume + T-> Tab
Volume + 1-> F1 (Volume increase + 2 is equivalent to F2, and so on)
Volume +0-> F10
Volume + B-> Alt + B, return a word when using readline
Volume + F-> Alt + F, forward a word when using readline
Volume + X-> Alt + X
Volume + W-> Up Arrow
Volume + A-> Left Arrow
Volume + S-> Down Arrow
Volume + D-> Right Arrow
Volume + L-> | (pipe character)
Volume + H-> ~ (tilde character)
Volume + U-> _ (underscore character)
Volume + P-> Page Up (previous page)
Volume + N-> Page Down (next page)
Volume +.-> Ctrl + \ (SIGQUIT)
Volume + V-> Show volume control
Volume + Q-> Show extra button view
Volume + K-> Ibid
As mentioned earlier, Termux can use the volume keys to implement shortcut keys. Personally, using volume keys is not very inconvenient. Termux also provides buttons for screen extensions. You can use volume plus + Q or volume plus + K to show and hide.
In addition to supporting the apt command, Termux also encapsulates the pkg command. The pkg command is backward compatible with the apt command. The official recommendation is to use the pkg command, because it will automatically update the apt list when installing or upgrading the package, which means that performing pkg upgrade is equivalent to performing apt update && apt upgrade, which simplifies the operation process.
pkg search >> search a package
pkg install >> installation of a package, shorthand pkg i
pkg uninstall >> uninstall a package
pkg reinstall >> reinstall a package
pkg update / pkg upgrade >> to upgrade package, shorthand pkg up
pkg list-all >> lists all packages available for installation(update)
pkg list-installed >> lists installed packages
pkg files >> show the path to the relevant folder of a package
pkg clean >> remove unused packages
Unlike most Linux distributions, Termux does not follow file system hierarchy standards, and you cannot find directories such as / bin, / etc, / usr, / tmp and so on in standard paths. For convenience, Termux provides a special environment variable: PREFIX, which is equivalent to the / usr directory.
$ tree -d -L 1 $PREFIX
/data/data/com.termux/files/usr
├── bin
├── etc
├── include
├── lib
├── libexec
├── share
├── src
├── tmp
└── var
- In addition, the user home directory is also in an unconventional location.
$ echo $HOME
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
- Without root privileges, it is impossible to manipulate the root directory.
$ ls /
ls: cannot open directory '/': Permission denied
- You can install proot for this and use the termux-chroot command to simulate the root environment and the standard Linux directory structure.
$ pkg i -y proot
$ termux-chroot
$ ls /
bin data dev etc home lib proc root sbin share storage system tmp usr var vendor
$ ls /usr
bin etc include lib libexec share src tmp var
This can be useful for some programs that must use a standard path.
The solution is to install tsu for root privileges, tsu is an alternative to su in Termux.
Install tsu:
pkg i -y tsu
Execute the command with root privileges:
tsudo command
Switch to root user:
tsu
Under the root user, enter the exit command or press Ctrl + D to return to the normal user.
Termux can only access its own internal data by default. If you want to access other data in the phone, after entering the following command, the phone will pop up a window for requesting permissions and allow it.
termux-setup-storage
- This will create the $ HOME / storage directory, and subdirectories in this directory will be symbolically linked to some common directories in phone storage.
$ tree storage
storage
├── dcim -> /storage/emulated/0/DCIM
├── downloads -> /storage/emulated/0/Download
├── movies -> /storage/emulated/0/Movies
├── music -> /storage/emulated/0/Music
├── pictures -> /storage/emulated/0/Pictures
└── shared -> /storage/emulated/0
- You can also access the root directory of external storage through / sdcard.
The default function buttons are too simple and do not have the left and right arrow keys, which is not convenient to use. Fortunately you can ~/.termux/termux.properties customize the key configuration file.
- If you want to set it up like this, you can add the following to the configuration file:
extra-keys = [['ESC','/','-','HOME','UP','END','PGUP','DEL'],['TAB','CTRL','ALT','LEFT','DOWN','RIGHT','PGDN','BKSP']]
mkdir -p ~/.termux && echo "extra-keys = [['ESC','/','-','HOME','UP','END','PGUP','DEL'],['TAB','CTRL','ALT','LEFT','DOWN','RIGHT','PGDN','BKSP']]" > ~/.termux/termux.properties
- Finally, enter the following command to reload the configuration, or close the application and then open it again.
termux-reload-settings
Install some basic common tools to facilitate subsequent tossing.
pkg i -y git curl wget tree vim nano tmux htop
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Oh My Zsh will not make you a 10x developer ... but you may feel like one.
-
The above sentence comes from Oh My Zsh README, - - -
-
Plugins such as automatic suggestion, completion, and code highlighting functions will be installed which will tremousdly improve input effectincy for your terminal and make it user friendly for beginners.
-
On the first run, Powerlevel10k configuration wizard will ask you a few questions and configure your prompt. If it doesn't trigger automatically, type p10k configure. Configuration wizard creates ~/.p10k.zsh based on your preferences. Additional prompt customization can be done by editing this file. It has plenty of comments to help you navigate through configuration options.
pkg i -y zsh
- Install Oh My Zsh
- Download and install using curl
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
- Download and install using wget
sh -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
Oh My Zsh will prompt you to set zsh as the default sehll after installation. If not prompted, enter the following command to set it up:
chsh -s zsh
Oh My Zsh has a lot of built-in themes, just need to modify the configuration file to enable. You can also choose to install external themes, such as Powerlevel10k and Syntax highlighting
- The theme I use is ys , it's simple and practical, not fancy. Use
sedthe command to modify a key:
sed -i '/^ZSH_THEME=/c\ZSH_THEME="ys"' ~/.zshrc
After modification, enter the following command to refresh the configuration and you can see the effect:
source ~/.zshrc
- Install zsh-syntax-highlighting (code highlighting)
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
Install zsh-autosuggestions (auto suggestion)
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
Install zsh-completions (autocompletion)
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-completions
zsh-completions plug-ins need to autoload -U compinit && compinitadd to .zshrc. Enter the command to add it with one click:
[ -z "`grep "autoload -U compinit && compinit" ~/.zshrc`" ] && echo "autoload -U compinit && compinit" >> ~/.zshrc
The need to enable plug-ins written to the configuration file, use the sedcommand to a key operation.
sed -i '/^plugins=/c\plugins=(git z zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions zsh-completions)' ~/.zshrc
If you have a plugin you want to add, write it in parentheses, and separate the plugin names with spaces. Last applied configuration
source ~/.zshrc
To modify the color you need to install Termux: Stylingplugin, installed after a long press the screen to enter the More...menu, choose Styleyou can set the color and font. This was mentioned in the previous article when we introduced menus and options.
- Choosing your favorite color and font, the set will
~/.termuxgenerate matching files in the directorycolors.propertiesand font files font.ttf, these two files can be backed up, after only need to import, you no longer need to install the plugin.
$ tree ~/.termux
/data/data/com.termux/files/home/.termux
├── colors.properties
├── font.ttf
├── shell -> /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/zsh
└── termux.properties
By default, the software package download speed is very slow. You can speed up the software package download speed by replacing the domestic software source. check the main wiki link for more information To prevent modification errors, first back up the source list file:
cp $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.bak
reduction:cp $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list.bak $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list
Use sed the command to modify a key:
sed -i 's@^\(deb.*stable main\)$@#\1\ndeb https://main.termux-mirror.ml stable mainn@' $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list
You can also enter apt edit-sources manually edited source files. Replace the default official source with the mirror source of Xeffyr https://main.termux-mirror.ml.
- Note: Change this main.termux-mirror.ml to the best mirror you find for you. https://github.com/termux/termux-packages/wiki/Mirrors check from here for more info.
$ cat $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list
-The main termux repository:
-deb https://dl.bintray.com/termux/termux-packages-24 stable main
deb https://main.termux-mirror.ml stable main
pkg up
If the card progresses, exit the process of Termux, reopen it, and run dpkg --configure -a to repair it.
Enable Dark UI Mode in Termux Add this line to your ~/.termux/termux.properties
use-black-ui=true
Disable Vibration/haptic feedback Add this line to your ~/.termux/termux.properties
bell-character=ignore
- This information will be helpful when you first come into contact with Termux, but with a deeper understanding of Termux and the desire to control human instincts, you will definitely want to replace it. I find that most of my friends will use their IDs in large fonts. Way to present.
vi $PREFIX/etc/motd
touch ~/.hushlogin
As a Linux terminal or server, SSH is required. Whether you are SSHing to Termux or using Termux to connect to other hosts, you need to install openssh first.
pkg i -y openssh
- Termux uses SSH to connect to other hosts Basic operation, ssh command:
ssh User@Host -p Port
After all, the mobile phone is too restrictive to operate, and it is very elegant to operate through a SSH connection on the computer.
- set password:
passwd
- View username:
whoami
Since Termux is a single-user environment, this step is not necessary. You can log in using any username.
View IP address:
ifconfig
Start the SSH server:
sshd
The SSH server program is not started by default, and it needs to be restarted every time the application is closed and opened. I will explain how to start the SSH server later. Gathering the three elements of SSH, you can now enter ssh commands in a computer terminal or use other SSH clients to connect. Note that Termux's SSH port is 8022 also you are gonna have to have your ports opened to access it.
ssh User @ Host -p 8022
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After executing the ssh command, you can enter the password to connect, and then you can easily perform various operations on the computer.
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Configure SSH key login If you need to expose Termux's SSH port to the public network, it is recommended to configure key login for security.
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The operation is no different from a normal Linux distribution, it is a basic operation. If you do n’t know how to configure, you can refer to the two tutorials: “Configuring SSH Keys for Password-Free Login Using ssh-keygen and ssh-copy-id” and “Configuring SSH Keys for Linux VPS for Password-Free Login Using Xshell” Make-up lessons are not repeated here.
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Friendly Tip: The path of the sshd_config file is $ PREFIX / etc / ssh / sshd_config It is recommended to use the SSH key one-click configuration script, which can get the public key from GitHub or the link and configure it automatically. As long as you have set up a public key on GitHub, you can log in directly using the SSH key connected to the GitHub repository after configuration.
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SSH server (sshd) starts automatically If you do not want to enter Termux every time ssh connects and enter the sshd command, you can set it to start automatically. There are two cases of sshd self-starting, one is when the Termux application is opened, and the other is when the phone is turned on.
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Start the SSH server automatically when opening the application Just add the sshd command to the shell configuration file. For example, if I use zsh, add it to ~ / .zshrc. If it's bash, add it to ~ / .bashrc.
echo "sshd" >> ~/.zshrc
Start the SSH server after the phone is powered on. First install the Termux: Boot plug-in. After installation, give the plug-in permission to boot, so that Termux can start automatically after booting.
- Create ~ / .termux / boot / directory (the scripts placed in this directory will be executed after booting Termux).
mkdir -p ~/.termux/boot/
- Create a new script in this directory, named start-sshd, and add the sshd command to this file.
echo 'termux-wake-lock; sshd' > ~/.termux/boot/start-sshd
The termux-wake-lock command prevents the process of the Termux application from freezing when the phone is sleeping. After the setting is completed, the phone will automatically start Termux and start the SSH server.
apt update
apt upgrade
termux-setup-storage
apt install openssh
touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
sshd
termux-open-url https://github.com/tomhiggins/TermuxSSHDsetup
Termux provides a package proot-distro which takes care of management of the Linux distributions inside Termux. You can install this utility by executing:
pkg install proot-distro
For now it supports these distributions:
Alpine Linux (3.14.x)
Arch Linux / Arch Linux 32 / Arch Linux ARM
Debian (stable)
Fedora 34
OpenSUSE (Tumbleweed)
Ubuntu (20.04)
Void Linux
To install distribution, just run this command (assuming proot-distro is installed):
proot-distro install
where "" should be replaced by chosen distribution, e.g. "alpine". Note that it is expected that you have a stable Internet connection during installation, otherwise download may fail.
After installation, you can start a shell session by executing next command:
proot-distro login <alias>
Here is a basic overview of the available proot-distro functionality:
proot-distro list - show the supported distributions and their status.
proot-distro install - install a distribution.
proot-distro login - start a root shell for the distribution.
proot-distro remove - uninstall the distribution.
proot-distro reset - reinstall the distribution.
Run proot-distro help for built-in usage information. Note that each of commands (with exception of "list") has own built-in usage information which can be viewed by supplying "--help" as argument. More detailed explanation about available functions you can find at project page: https://github.com/termux/proot-distro#functionality-overview
Example of installing Debian and launching shell:
proot-distro install debian
proot-distro login debian
