Added Descriptions to Classic DP Problems

[Zyad-Ayad]

This pull request updates the section on classic dynamic programming problems by adding detailed descriptions for each problem. The aim is to enhance understanding and usability for users navigating through these problems.

• Added Atcoder educational contest and cases list.

[Zyad-Ayad]

• Added a link for each classic problem (if found), so users can try to solve.

[mhayter]

Thanks for adding to my article. I agree that descriptions of the classical problems would be helpful. My original idea for the article was to link classical problems to internal articles on the website. I had been writing an article on 0-1 knapsack and subset sum but I'd gotten a little disheartened with the lack of enthusiasm for making the website better, so I hadn't finished it.

I'm not sure if linking externally for the classical problems would make sense. I do wonder if linking to examples of the problems makes sense given it's an introduction article. The problems I listed are basically on par with Fibonacci.

[github-actions]

Visit the preview URL for this PR (for commit ff4b380):

https://cp-algorithms--preview-1269-k6uv05mh.web.app

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[adamant-pwn]

Thanks!