workflows: Update GitHub actions to non-deprecated Node versions

[timsutton]

• Have you followed the guidelines for contributing?
• Have you ensured that your commits follow the commit style guide?
• Have you checked that there aren't other open pull requests for the same formula update/change?
• Have you built your formula locally with HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1 brew install --build-from-source <formula>, where <formula> is the name of the formula you're submitting?
• Is your test running fine brew test <formula>, where <formula> is the name of the formula you're submitting?
• Does your build pass brew audit --strict <formula> (after doing HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1 brew install --build-from-source <formula>)? If this is a new formula, does it pass brew audit --new <formula>?

---

Thought I would see if we can bump some of the actions versions which are flagged as using deprecated Node 16. I left out upload-artifact@v4 after seeing Homebrew/actions#475, and these two don't have any documented breaking changes (github-script and checkout).

[request-info]

Please provide a better issue/pull request title and/or description!

[p-linnane]

Had to rebase to resolve a conflict.