opengl2-readme.txt

OpenGL2
<insert ascii art here>

OpenGL2 is an alternate renderer for ioquake3.  It aims to implement modern
features and technologies into the id tech 3 engine, but without sacrificing
compatibility with existing Quake 3 mods.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  FEATURES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  - Compatible with most vanilla Quake 3 mods.
  - HDR Rendering, and support for HDR lightmaps
  - Tone mapping and auto-exposure.
  - Cascaded shadow maps.
  - Multisample anti-aliasing.
  - Texture upsampling.
  - Advanced materials support.
  - Advanced shading and specular methods.
  - Separate material/light/framebuffer/tonemap gamma.
  - LATC and BPTC texture compression support.
  - Screen-space ambient occlusion.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  INSTALLATION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For *nix:

1. This should be identical to installing ioq3.  Check their README for more
   details.

   
For Win32:

1. Have a Quake 3 install, fully patched.

2. Copy the following files into Quake 3's install directory: 
     
     ioquake3.x86.exe
     renderer_opengl1_x86.dll
     renderer_opengl2_x86.dll
     
   These can be found in build/release-mingw32-x86 after compiling, or bug
   someone to release binaries.
  

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  RUNNING
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Start ioquake3. (ioquake3.x86.exe on Win32)
 
2. Open the console (default key ~) and type '/cl_renderer opengl2; vid_restart'

3. Enjoy.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CVARS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cvars for simple rendering features:
  r_ext_compressed_textures       - Automatically compress textures.
                                     0 - No texture compression. (default)
                                     1 - DXT/LATC texture compression if
                                         supported.
                                     2 - BPTC texture compression if supported.

  r_ext_framebuffer_multisample  - Multisample Anti-aliasing.
                                     0    - None. (default)
                                     1-16 - Some.
                                     17+  - Too much!

  r_ssao                         - Enable screen-space ambient occlusion.
                                   Currently eats framerate and has some
                                   visible artifacts.
                                     0 - No. (default)
                                     1 - Yes.

  r_softOverbright               - Enable software overbrighting.  This enables
                                   overbrighting even in a window.  Is disabled
                                   when r_toneMap 1 and r_hdr 1.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)

Cvars for HDR and tonemapping:
  r_hdr                          - Do scene rendering in a framebuffer with
                                   high dynamic range.  (Less banding, and
                                   exposure changes look much better)
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)

  r_cameraExposure               - Cheat.  Alter brightness, in powers of two.
                                     -2  - 4x as dark.
                                     0   - Normal. (default)
                                     0.5 - Sqrt(2)x as bright.
                                     2   - 4x as bright.

  r_postProcess                  - Enable post-processing.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)

  r_toneMap                      - Enable tone mapping.  Requires 
                                   r_hdr and r_postProcess.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)

  r_forceToneMap                 - Cheat.  Override built-in and map tonemap
                                   settings and use cvars r_forceToneMapAvg,
                                   r_forceToneMapMin, and r_forceToneMapMax.
                                     0 - No. (default)
                                     1 - Yes.

  r_forceToneMapAvg              - Cheat.  Map average scene luminance to this
                                   value, in powers of two.  Requires 
                                   r_forceToneMap.
                                    -2.0 - Dark.
                                    -1.0 - Kinda dark. (default).
                                     2.0 - Too bright.

  r_forceToneMapMin              - Cheat.  After mapping average, luminance
                                   below this level is mapped to black.
                                   Requires r_forceToneMap.
                                    -5    - Not noticeable.
                                    -3.25 - Normal. (default)
                                     0.0  - Too dark.

  r_forceToneMapMin              - Cheat.  After mapping average, luminance
                                   above this level is mapped to white.
                                   Requires r_forceToneMap.
                                    0.0 - Too bright.
                                    1.0 - Normal. (default).
                                    2.0 - Washed out.

  r_autoExposure                 - Do automatic exposure based on scene
                                   brightness.  Hardcoded to -2 to 2 on maps
                                   that don't specify otherwise.  Requires
                                   r_hdr, r_postprocess, and r_toneMap.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)
                                     
  r_forceAutoExposure            - Cheat.  Override built-in and map auto
                                   exposure settings and use cvars
                                   r_forceAutoExposureMin and 
                                   r_forceAutoExposureMax.
                                     0 - No. (default)
                                     1 - Yes.

  r_forceAutoExposureMin         - Cheat.  Set minimum exposure to this value,
                                   in powers of two.  Requires
                                   r_forceAutoExpsure.
                                    -3.0 - Dimmer.
                                    -2.0 - Normal. (default)
                                    -1.0 - Brighter.

  r_forceAutoExposureMax         - Cheat.  Set maximum exposure to this value,
                                   in powers of two.  Requires
                                   r_forceAutoExpsure.
                                     1.0 - Dimmer.
                                     2.0 - Normal. (default)
                                     3.0 - Brighter.

Cvars for advanced material usage:
  r_normalMapping                - Enable normal mapping for materials that
                                   support it, and also specify advanced 
                                   shading techniques.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)
                                     2 - Yes, and use Oren-Nayar reflectance
                                         model.
                                     3 - Yes, and use tri-Ace's Oren-Nayar
                                         reflectance model.

  r_specularMapping              - Enable specular mapping for materials that
                                   support it, and also specify advanced
                                   specular techniques.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes, and use tri-Ace. (default)
                                     2 - Yes, and use Blinn-Phong.
                                     3 - Yes, and use Cook-Torrance.
                                     4 - Yes, and use Torrance-Sparrow.

  r_deluxeMapping                - Enable deluxe mapping.  (Map is compiled
                                   with light directions.)  Even if the map 
                                   doesn't have deluxe mapping compiled in,
                                   an approximation based on the lightgrid
                                   will be used.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)

  r_parallaxMapping              - Enable parallax mapping for materials that
                                   support it.
                                     0 - No. (default)
                                     1 - Yes.

  r_baseSpecular                 - Set the specular reflectance of materials
                                   which don't include a specular map or
                                   use the specularReflectance keyword.
                                     0    - No.
                                     0.04 - Realistic. (default)
                                     1.0  - Ack.

  r_baseGloss                    - Set the glossiness of materials which don't
                                   include a specular map or use the
                                   specularExponent keyword.
                                     0   - Rough.
                                     0.3 - Default.
                                     1.0 - Shiny.

  r_baseNormalX                  - Set the scale of the X values from normal
                                   maps when the normalScale keyword is not
                                   used.
                                     -1  - Flip X.
                                     0   - Ignore X.
                                     1   - Normal X. (default)
                                     2   - Double X.

  r_baseNormalY                  - Set the scale of the Y values from normal
                                   maps when the normalScale keyword is not
                                   used.
                                     -1  - Flip Y.
                                     0   - Ignore Y.
                                     1   - Normal Y. (default)
                                     2   - Double Y.

  r_baseParallax                 - Sets the scale of the parallax effect for
                                   materials when the parallaxDepth keyword
                                   is not used.
                                     0    - No depth.
                                     0.01 - Pretty smooth.
                                     0.05 - Standard depth. (default)
                                     0.1  - Looks broken.

Cvars for image interpolation and generation:
  r_imageUpsample                - Use interpolation to artifically increase
                                   the resolution of all textures.  Looks good
                                   in certain circumstances.
                                     0 - No. (default)
                                     1 - 2x size.
                                     2 - 4x size.
                                     3 - 8x size, etc

  r_imageUpsampleMaxSize         - Maximum texture size when upsampling
                                   textures.
                                     1024 - Default.
                                     2048 - Really nice.
                                     4096 - Really slow.
                                     8192 - Crash.

  r_imageUpsampleType            - Type of interpolation when upsampling
                                   textures.
                                     0 - None. (probably broken)
                                     1 - Bad but fast (default,
                                         FCBI without second derivatives)
                                     2 - Okay but slow (normal FCBI)

  r_genNormalMaps                - Naively generate normal maps for all
                                   textures.
                                     0 - Don't. (default)
                                     1 - Do.

Cvars for the sunlight and cascaded shadow maps:
  r_forceSun                     - Cheat. Force sunlight and shadows, using sun
                                   position from sky material.
                                     0 - Don't. (default)
                                     1 - Do.
                                     2 - Sunrise, sunset.

  r_forceSunMapLightScale        - Cheat. Scale map brightness by this factor
                                   when r_forceSun 1.
                                     1.0 - Default
                                     
  r_forceSunLightScale           - Cheat. Scale sun brightness by this factor
                                   when r_forceSun 1.
                                     1.0 - Default
                                     
  r_forceSunAmbientScale         - Cheat. Scale sun ambient brightness by this 
                                   factor when r_forceSun 1.
                                     0.5 - Default

  r_sunShadows                   - Enable sunlight and cascaded shadow maps for
                                   it on maps that support it.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)

  r_sunlightMode                 - Specify the method used to add sunlight to
                                   the scene.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Multiply lit areas by light scale, and
                                         shadowed areas by ambient scale.
                                         (default)
                                     2 - Add light.  Looks better, but is slower
                                         and doesn't integrate well with existing
                                         maps.

  r_shadowFilter                 - Enable filtering shadows for a smoother
                                   look.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Some. (default)
                                     2 - Much.

  r_shadowMapSize                - Size of each cascaded shadow map.
                                     256  - 256x256, ugly, probably shouldn't
                                             go below this.
                                     512  - 512x512, passable.
                                     1024 - 1024x1024, good. (default)
                                     2048 - 2048x2048, extreme.
                                     4096 - 4096x4096, indistinguishable from
                                            2048.

Cvars for adjusting gamma values:
  r_materialGamma                - Gamma level for material textures.
                                   (diffuse, specular)
                                     1.0 - Quake 3, fastest. (default)
                                     2.0 - More accurate, slower.
                                     2.2 - Most accurate, slowest.

  r_lightGamma                   - Gamma level for light.
                                   (lightmap, lightgrid, vertex lights)
                                     1.0 - Quake 3, fastest. (default)
                                     2.0 - More accurate, slower.
                                     2.2 - Most accurate, slowest.

  r_framebufferGamma             - Gamma level for framebuffers.
                                     1.0 - Quake 3, fastest. (default)
                                     2.0 - More accurate, slower.
                                     2.2 - Most accurate, slowest.

  r_tonemapGamma                 - Gamma applied after tonemapping.
                                     1.0 - Quake 3, fastest. (default)
                                     2.0 - More accurate, slower.
                                     2.2 - Most accurate, slowest.

Cvars that you probably don't care about or shouldn't mess with:
  r_mergeMultidraws              - Optimize number of calls to 
                                   glMultiDrawElements().
                                     0 - Don't.
                                     1 - Do some. (default)
                                     2 - Do more than necessary (eats CPU).

  r_mergeLeafSurfaces            - Merge surfaces that share common materials
                                   and a common leaf.  Speeds up rendering.
                                     0 - Don't.
                                     1 - Do. (default)

  r_recalcMD3Normals             - Recalculate the normals when loading an MD3.
                                   Fixes normal maps in some cases but looks
                                   ugly in others.
                                     0 - Don't. (default)
                                     1 - Do.

  r_depthPrepass                 - Do a depth-only pass before rendering.
                                   Speeds up rendering in cases where advanced
                                   features are used.  Required for
                                   r_sunShadows.
                                     0 - No.
                                     1 - Yes. (default)

  r_normalAmbient                - Split map light into ambient and directed
                                   portions when doing deluxe mapping.  Not
                                   very useful.
                                     0   - Don't. (default).
                                     0.3 - 30% ambient, 70% directed.
                                     1.0 - 100% ambient.

  r_mergeLightmaps               - Merge the small (128x128) lightmaps into 
                                   2 or fewer giant (4096x4096) lightmaps.
                                   Easy speedup.
                                     0 - Don't.
                                     1 - Do. (default)

  r_shadowCascadeZNear           - Near plane for shadow cascade frustums.
                                     4 - Default.

  r_shadowCascadeZFar            - Far plane for shadow cascade frustums.
                                     3072 - Default.

  r_shadowCascadeZBias           - Z-bias for shadow cascade frustums.
                                     -256 - Default.

  
Cvars that have broken bits:
  r_dlightMode                   - Change how dynamic lights look.
                                     0 - Quake 3 style dlights, fake
                                         brightening. (default)
                                     1 - Actual lighting, no shadows.
                                     2 - Light and shadows. (broken)

  r_pshadowDist                  - Virtual camera distance when creating shadow
                                   maps for projected shadows.  Deprecated.
                                   
  cg_shadows                     - Old shadow code.  Deprecated.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  MATERIALS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OpenGL2 supports .mtr files, which are basically the same as .shader files, and
are located in the same place, but override existing .shader files if they 
exist.  This is to allow maps and mods to use the new material features without
breaking the map when using the old renderer.

Here's an example of a material stored in one, showing off some new features:

    textures/abandon/grass
    {
        qer_editorimage textures/abandon/grass.jpg
        {
            map textures/abandon/grass3_256_d.jpg
            rgbgen identity
        }
        {
            stage normalparallaxmap
            map textures/abandon/grass3_1024_n.png
            normalScale 1 1
            parallaxDepth 0.05
        }
        {
            stage specularmap
            map textures/abandon/grass3_256_s.png
            specularReflectance 0.12
            specularExponent 16
        }
        {
            map $lightmap
            blendfunc GL_DST_COLOR GL_ZERO
        }
    }

The first thing to notice is that this is basically the same as old Quake 3 
shader files.  The next thing to notice are the new keywords.  Here is what 
they mean:

  stage <type>        
    - State how this imagemap will be used by OpenGL2:
        diffuseMap        - Standard, same as no stage entry
        normalMap         - Image will be used as a normal map
        normalParallaxMap - Image will be used as a normal map with 
                            alpha treated as height for parallax mapping
        specularMap       - Image will be used as a specular map with
                            alpha treated as shininess.

  specularReflectance <value> 
    - State how metallic this material is.  Metals typically have a high 
      specular and a low diffuse, so this is typically high for them, and low
      for other materials, such as plastic.  For typical values for various
      materials, see http://refractiveindex.info , pick a material, then scroll
      down to the reflection calculator and look up its reflectance.  Default
      is 0.04, since most materials aren't metallic.
  
  specularExponent <value>
    - State how shiny this material is.  Note that this is modulated by the 
      alpha channel of the specular map, so if it were set to 16, and the alpha
      channel of the specular map was set to 0.5, then the shininess would be
      set to 8.  Default 256.

  normalScale <x> <y>
    - State the X and Y scales of the normal map.  This is useful for increasing
      or decreasing the "strength" of the normal map, or entering negative values
      to flip the X and/or Y values.  Default 1 1.

  parallaxDepth <value>
    - State the maximum depth of the parallax map.  This is a fairly sensitive
      value, and I recommend the default or lower.  Default 0.05.

An important note is that normal and specular maps influence the diffuse map
declared before them, so materials like this are possible:

    textures/terrain/grass
    {
        qer_editorimage textures/terrain/grass.jpg

        {
            map textures/terrain/rock.jpg
        }
        {
            stage normalparallaxmap
            map textures/terrain/rock_n.png
        }
        {
            stage specularmap
            map textures/terrain/rock_s.jpg
        }
        {
            map textures/terrain/grass.jpg
            blendFunc GL_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA
            alphaGen vertex
        }
        {
            stage normalparallaxmap
            map textures/terrain/grass_n.png
        }
        {
            stage specularmap
            map textures/terrain/grass_s.png
            specularReflectance 0.12
        }
        {
            map $lightmap
            blendfunc GL_DST_COLOR GL_ZERO
        }
    }
    
Though note due to the complexity of lighting, dynamic light (including
sunlight with cascaded shadow maps) currently only works 100% on materials like
this, where the second diffuse map doesn't have its own alpha, and only
uses vertex alpha.  YMMV.

Another addition to materials is working normal/specular maps on vertex lit
surfaces.  To enable this, make your material look like this:

    textures/vehicles/car
    {
        qer_editorimage textures/vehicles/car.jpg

        {
            map textures/vehicles/car.jpg
            rgbGen vertexLit
        }
        {
            stage normalparallaxmap
            map textures/vehicles/car_n.jpg
        }
        {
            stage specularmap
            map textures/vehicles/car_s.jpg
        }
    }

Note the new keyword, 'vertexLit' after rgbGen.  This is analogous to 
'rgbGen vertex', except a light direction will be determined from the lightgrid
and used with the normal and specular maps.  'exactVertexLit' exists as well,
and is the equivalent for 'exactVertex'.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  DYNAMIC SUNLIGHT AND CASCADED SHADOW MAPS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This adds a new keyword to sky materials, q3gl2_sun.  The syntax is:

  q3gl2_sun <red> <green> <blue> <intensity> <degrees> <elevation> 
  <mapLightScale> <ambientLightScale>
  
Note the first six parameters are the same as in q3map_sun or q3map_sunExt,
and the last two indicate scaling factors for the map brightness and an ambient
light of the same color as the sun.

There are currently two ways to use this in your own (and other people's) maps.

  1. Create your map as normal, set r_sunlightMode to 1, and add a 
     'q3gl2_sun' line after your 'q3map_sun' line in your sky material, like
     so:
     
    textures/skies/bluesky
    {
        qer_editorimage textures/skies/bluesky.jpg

        surfaceparm nomarks
        surfaceparm noimpact
        surfaceparm nolightmap
        surfaceparm sky
        q3map_sunExt 240 238 200 100 195 35 3 16
        q3gl2_sun 240 238 200 50 195 35 3 1.0 0.2
        q3map_skylight 50 16
        q3map_lightimage $whiteimage

        skyparms env/bluesky - -
    }

     The advantages with this method are that your map will continue to work
     with the old renderer with the sunlight baked into the lightmap, and it
     can be used with existing maps without recompilation.  The downside is
     artifacts like doubled shadows and uneven shadow edges.
     
  2. Set r_sunlightMode to 2 and use 'q3gl2_sun' instead of 'q3map_sun' or
     'q3map_sunExt', like so:
  
    textures/skies/bluesky
    {
        qer_editorimage textures/skies/bluesky.jpg

        surfaceparm nomarks
        surfaceparm noimpact
        surfaceparm nolightmap
        surfaceparm sky
        q3gl2_sun 240 238 200 50 195 35 3 0.5 0.2
        q3map_skylight 50 16
        q3map_lightimage $whiteimage

        skyparms env/bluesky - -
    }

     The advantages with this method are that you don't get the artifacts that
     characterize the other method, and your map compiles a lot faster without
     the sunlight bouncing calculations.  The downsides are that your map will
     not display properly with the old renderer, and you lose the bounced light
     that compiling the map with q3map_sun* in it would have.

     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  TONE MAPPING AND AUTO EXPOSURE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This adds a new keyword to sky materials, q3gl2_tonemap.  The syntax is:

  q3gl2_tonemap <toneMapMin> <toneMapAvg> <toneMapMax <autoExposureMin>
  <autoExposureMax>
  
Each of these settings corresponds to a matching cvar, so you can view and
adjust the effect before settling on fixed settings.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  MATERIAL/LIGHT/FRAMEBUFFER/TONEMAP GAMMA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This adds four cvars, r_materialGamma, r_lightGamma, r_framebufferGamma, and 
r_tonemapGamma.  These adjust the gamma levels of their corresponding texture
or color, allowing for more realistic lighting and shading.

These settings are fastest:

    r_materialGamma 1
    r_lightGamma 1
    r_framebufferGamma 1
    r_tonemapGamma 1

This is the same as Quake 3 behaviour, where colors are not adjusted for gamma
until presentation to the screen.

These settings are more accurate:

    r_materialGamma 2
    r_lightGamma 2
    r_framebufferGamma 2
    r_tonemapGamma 2

This converts diffuse/specular from gamma 2 space to linear space
(r_materialGamma 2), converts light values similarly (r_lightGamma 2),
converts those to the gamma 2 of the framebuffer (r_framebufferGamma 2), and
converts to a monitor gamma of 2 after tonemapping (r_tonemapGamma 2).

These settings are the most accurate:

    r_materialGamma 2.2
    r_lightGamma 2.2
    r_framebufferGamma 2.2
    r_tonemapGamma 2.2

This is the same as the previous, except using a more correct gamma of 2.2,
which approximates sRGB.

The only issue with these last two examples are that dlights aren't added
linearly, since they are still performed as a straight add to a non-linear
framebuffer.  To fix this, these settings are possible:

    r_materialGamma 2.2
    r_lightGamma 2.2
    r_framebufferGamma 1.0
    r_tonemapGamma 2.2

But these cause UI draws to have the wrong gamma, as these are rendered after
tonemapping.  I recommend the use of the second or third set of settings.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  THANKS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I'd like to take this part of the readme to thank the numerous people who
contributed thoughts, ideas, and whole swaths of code to this project.

  - Id Software, for creating Quake 3 and releasing its source code under a
    GPL license, without which this project would not be possible.

  - Zachary 'Zakk' Slater, Thilo Schulz, Tim Angus, and the rest of the
    ioquake3 team and contributors, for improving massively upon the raw Quake
    3 source, and accepting my and gimhael's modular renderer patch.

  - Robert 'Tr3B' Beckebans and the other contributors to XReaL, for letting me
    liberally copy code from you. :)
  
  - Andrew 'Black Monk' Prosnik, Andrei 'Makro' Drexler, Tomi 'T.T.I.' Isoaho,
    Richard 'JBravo' Allen, Walter 'Johnny Rocket' Somol, and the rest of the
    Boomstick Studios, for contributing code, feature requests, and testing.
    
  - Yoshiharu Gotanda, Tatsuya Shoji, and the rest of tri-Ace's R&D Department,
    for creating the tri-Ace shading equations and posting their derivations in
    simple English.
    
  - Matthias 'gimhael' Bentrup, for random ideas and bits of code.
  
  - Evan 'megatog615' Goers, for testing, ideas, and bugging me just enough
    that I'd write documentation. :)

  - The folks at #ioquake3, who don't seem to mind when I suddenly drop a
    screenshot and insist on talking about it. :)

  - And lots of various other random people, who posted on forums, blogs, and
    Wikipedia, who helped in small but numerous ways.

If I missed you in this section, feel free to drop me a line and I'll add you.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CONTACT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

My name is James Canete, and I wrote most of this readme.  Also, a renderer.

If you wish to get in touch with me, try my GMail at use.less01 (you should be
able to solve this), or look for SmileTheory in #ioquake3 on irc.freenode.net.