Failed build: LightGBM fails to install due to GitHub Actions upgrade of macos-latest

[github-actions]

GitHub Actions workflow tests #448 failed.

Event: schedule
Branch: main
Commit: eeb1e05f95f4a3b321fd21dabf8d74760c02c291

^{Created by jayqi/failed-build-issue-action}

[jayqi]

It looks like GitHub Actions upgraded the macos-latest image on April 22 from macOS 12 to macOS 14. https://github.com/actions/runner-images/tree/main?tab=readme-ov-file#available-images

LightGBM's wheel in PyPI is for macOS 10, 11, and 12, but not for 14. https://pypi.org/project/lightgbm/#files

[jayqi]

In addition to the macOS version upgrade, it looks like all macos-latest runners now are also ARM64.

• Reference: macos 14 is only arm64 actions/runner-images#9741

I was able to come up with a workaround that I've tested successfully in a minimal example in a separate repo, with some help from my friend who is a LightGBM maintainer. It's documented in this comment: microsoft/LightGBM#5328 (comment)

There is also work in oprogress by the LightGBM maintainers to create an arm64-compatible wheel, so that will also help address things: microsoft/LightGBM#6391