[Bug] XPath skipping a bunch of entries #6474
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Could you please try our rolling release edge (image |
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I can confirm. It is a bit strange. Here is the OPML file to import the XPATH configs from above (works on It scrapes @Alkarex Is there a stop at |
math-GH
added
Bug (confirmed) 🐞
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A quick test with However, when browsing with JavaScript enabled, more recent updates seem to come from https://content.spacex.com/api/spacex-website/updates , which might work with to our new JSON mode. spacex.com/updates<!doctype html>
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<div class="date">February 14, 2022</div>
<div class="label">SpaceX to Launch Polaris Program Missions</div>
<div class="contents"></div>
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<p class="">
Jared Isaacman, founder and CEO of Shift4 who commanded the Inspiration4 mission, <a style='font-weight: bold;' href='https://www.polarisprogram.com/polaris-program-will-undertake-a-series-of-pioneering-spacex-dragon-missions-demonstrating-new-technologies-and-culminating-in-the-first-human-spaceflight-on-starship/' target='_'>announced</a> today the Polaris Program, a first-of-its-kind effort to rapidly advance human spaceflight capabilities, while continuing to raise funds and awareness for important causes here on Earth. The program will consist of up to three human spaceflight missions that will demonstrate new technologies, conduct extensive research, and ultimately culminate in the first flight of SpaceX’s Starship with humans on board.
</p>
<p class="">
The first mission, Polaris Dawn, is targeted to launch no earlier than the fourth quarter of 2022 from historic Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This Dragon mission will take advantage of Falcon 9 and Dragon’s maximum performance, flying higher than any Dragon mission to date and endeavoring to reach the highest Earth orbit ever flown. Dragon and the Polaris Dawn crew will spend up to five days in orbit, during which the crew will attempt the first-ever commercial spacewalk, conduct scientific research designed to advance both human health on Earth and our understanding of human health during future long-duration spaceflights, and be the first crew to test Starlink laser-based communications in space, providing valuable data for future space communications systems necessary for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
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<p class="">
The Polaris Dawn mission has many first-time objectives, so the Polaris Program chose a crew of experts who know each other well and have a foundation of trust they can build upon as they undergo the challenges of this mission. In addition to Isaacman, the crew includes Scott “Kidd” Poteet, a veteran member of Jared’s team, and two SpaceX employees, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon.
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<div class="date">February 10, 2022</div>
<div class="label">Starship Update</div>
<div class="contents"></div>
<div class="contents">
<p class="">
On Thursday, February 10 from Starbase in Texas, SpaceX Chief Engineer Elon Musk provided an update on the development of Starship, a fully reusable transportation system capable of carrying passengers and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
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<div class="date">February 8, 2022</div>
<div class="label">GEOMAGNETIC STORM AND RECENTLY DEPLOYED STARLINK SATELLITES</div>
<div class="contents"></div>
<div class="contents">
<p class="">
On Thursday, February 3 at 1:13 p.m. EST, Falcon 9 <a style="font-weight: bold;" target='_' href='/launches/sl4-7/'>launched</a> 49 Starlink satellites to low Earth orbit from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Falcon 9’s second stage deployed the satellites into their intended orbit, with a perigee of approximately 210 kilometers above Earth, and each satellite achieved controlled flight.
</p>
<p class="">
SpaceX deploys its satellites into these lower orbits so that in the very rare case any satellite does not pass initial system checkouts it will quickly be deorbited by atmospheric drag. While the low deployment altitude requires more capable satellites at a considerable cost to us, it’s the right thing to do to maintain a sustainable space environment.
</p>
<p class="">
Unfortunately, the satellites deployed on Thursday were significantly impacted by a geomagnetic storm on Friday. These storms cause the atmosphere to warm and atmospheric density at our low deployment altitudes to increase. In fact, onboard GPS suggests the escalation speed and severity of the storm caused atmospheric drag to increase up to 50 percent higher than during previous launches. The Starlink team commanded the satellites into a safe-mode where they would fly edge-on (like a sheet of paper) to minimize drag—to effectively “take cover from the storm”—and continued to work closely with the Space Force’s 18th Space Control Squadron and LeoLabs to provide updates on the satellites based on ground radars.
</p>
<p class="">
Preliminary analysis show the increased drag at the low altitudes prevented the satellites from leaving safe-mode to begin orbit raising maneuvers, and up to 40 of the satellites will reenter or already have reentered the Earth’s atmosphere. The deorbiting satellites pose zero collision risk with other satellites and by design demise upon atmospheric reentry—meaning no orbital debris is created and no satellite parts hit the ground. This unique situation demonstrates the great lengths the Starlink team has gone to ensure the system is on the leading edge of on-orbit debris mitigation.
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<div class="date">NOVEMBER 23, 2021</div>
<div class="label">DART MISSION</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Tuesday, November 23 at 10:21 p.m. PST, Falcon 9 launched <a target='_' href='/static/images/dart/DART_PATCH.png'>NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission</a> to an interplanetary transfer orbit from Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. <a target='_' href='https://www.nasa.gov/planetarydefense/dart'>DART</a> is humanity’s first planetary defense test mission to see if intentionally crashing a spacecraft into an asteroid is an effective way to change its course, should an Earth-threatening asteroid be discovered in the future. This was SpaceX’s first inter-planetary mission.</p><p>This was the third flight for this Falcon 9’s first stage booster, which previously supported launch of Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich and a Starlink mission.</p></div>
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<a class="article-header" aria-label="CREW-3 MISSION" href='/launches/crew-3/'>
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<div class="date">NOVEMBER 11, 2021</div>
<div class="label">CREW-3 MISSION</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Thursday, November 11 at 6:32 p.m. EST, 23:32 UTC, SpaceX’s Dragon autonomously docked with the International Space Station. Falcon 9 launched the spacecraft to orbit from histsoric Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Wednesday, November 10 at 9:03 p.m. EST.</p><p>On Thursday, November 11 at 6:32 p.m. EST, 23:32 UTC, SpaceX’s Dragon autonomously docked with the International Space Station. Falcon 9 launched the spacecraft to orbit from histsoric Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Wednesday, November 10 at 9:03 p.m. EST.</p></div>
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<a class="article-header" aria-label="CREW-2 MISSION" href='/launches/crew-2-return/'>
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<div class="date">NOVEMBER 8, 2021</div>
<div class="label">CREW-2 MISSION</div>
<div class="contents"><p>After 199 days in space, the longest-duration mission for a U.S. spacecraft, Dragon and the Crew-2 astronauts, <a target='_' href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/robert-shane-kimbrough'>Shane Kimbrough</a> , <a target='_' href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/k-megan-mcarthur'>Megan McArthur</a> , <a target='_' href='https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/astro/biographies/hoshide/index.html'>Akihiko Hoshide</a> , and <a target='_' href='https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Thomas_Pesquet'>Thomas Pesquet</a> , returned to Earth, splashing down off the coast of Pensacola, Florida at 10:33 p.m. EST on November 8.</p><p>Dragon and the Crew-2 astronauts were quickly recovered by the SpaceX recovery team. SpaceX will transport Dragon back to Cape Canaveral, Florida for inspections and refurbishment ahead of future human spaceflight missions.</p><p>This mission marked multiple firsts for SpaceX and NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, including being the first to fly two international partners, the first crew mission to use a flight-proven Dragon and Falcon 9, and the first U.S. spacecraft to spend 199 consecutive days in orbit.</p></div>
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<a class="article-header" aria-label="INSPIRATION4 MISSION" href='/launches/inspiration4/'>
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<div class="date">SEPTEMBER 18, 2021</div>
<div class="label">INSPIRATION4 MISSION</div>
<div class="contents"><p>After three days orbiting Earth, Dragon and the <a href='/static/images/inspiration4/inspiration4_pantone.png'>Inspiration4</a> crew – the world’s first civilian mission to orbit – safely splashed down off the coast of Florida at 7:06 p.m. EDT on Saturday, September 18, 2021, completing their first multi-day low Earth orbit mission.</p><p>Dragon performed a series of departure phasing burns to leave the circular orbit of 575 kilometers and then jettisoned its trunk ahead of its deorbit burn. After re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere, the spacecraft deployed its two drogue and four main parachutes in preparation for the soft water landing.</p><p> <a href='https://inspiration4.com'>Inspiration4</a> is commanded by Jared Isaacman, founder and CEO of Shift4 Payments and an accomplished pilot and adventurer. Joining him are Medical Officer Hayley Arceneaux, a physician assistant at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital® and pediatric cancer survivor; Mission Specialist Chris Sembroski, an Air Force veteran and aerospace data engineer; and Mission Pilot Dr. Sian Proctor, a geoscientist, entrepreneur, and trained pilot.</p></div>
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<div class="date">JUNE 2, 2021</div>
<div class="label">SpaceX to Launch Four Axiom Missions to ISS</div>
<div class="contents"><p>Developed by SpaceX to support NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, Dragon helped return human spaceflight capabilities in 2020 and has successfully flown three human spaceflight missions to the International Space Station (ISS) to-date. In addition to flying astronauts to space for NASA, Dragon can also carry commercial astronauts to Earth orbit, the ISS or beyond.</p><p>Today, Axiom Space <a href='https://www.axiomspace.com/press-release/axiom-spacex-deal'>announced</a> SpaceX will fly three additional private crew missions aboard Dragon to and from the Station through 2023. Axiom previously announced their <a href='https://www.axiomspace.com/ax1'>first mission</a> to the International Space Station flying aboard Dragon, currently targeted to liftoff no earlier than January 2022. In May 2021, Axiom announced that astronaut <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/peggy-a-whitson/biography'>Peggy Whitson</a> and champion GT racer <a href='http://j2-racing.com/team/'>John Shoffner</a> will serve as commander and pilot on the <a href='https://www.axiomspace.com/press-release/ax2'>Ax-2 mission</a> .</p><p>All four crews will receive combined commercial astronaut training from NASA and SpaceX, with SpaceX providing training on the Falcon 9 launch vehicle and Dragon spacecraft, emergency preparedness training, spacesuit and spacecraft ingress and egress exercises, as well as partial and full simulations.</p><p>The growing partnership between Axiom and SpaceX will enable more opportunities for more humans in space on the road to making humanity multiplanetary.</p></div>
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<a class="article-header" aria-label="Starship SN15" href='/launches/starship-sn15-flight-test/'>
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<div class="date">MAY 5, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Starship SN15</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Wednesday, May 5, Starship serial number 15 (SN15) successfully completed SpaceX’s fifth high-altitude flight test of a Starship prototype from Starbase in Texas.</p><p>Similar to previous high-altitude flight tests of <a href='https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBQ5P5txVQr9_jeZLGa0n5EIYvsOJFAnY'>Starship</a> , SN15 was powered through ascent by three Raptor engines, each shutting down in sequence prior to the vehicle reaching apogee – approximately 10 km in altitude. SN15 performed a propellant transition to the internal header tanks, which hold landing propellant, before reorienting itself for reentry and a controlled aerodynamic descent.</p><p>The Starship prototype descended under active aerodynamic control, accomplished by independent movement of two forward and two aft flaps on the vehicle. All four flaps were actuated by an onboard flight computer to control Starship’s attitude during flight and enabled precise landing at the intended location. SN15’s Raptor engines reignited as the vehicle performed the landing flip maneuver immediately before touching down for a nominal landing on the pad.</p><p>These test flights of Starship are all about improving our understanding and development of a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo on long-duration interplanetary flights, and help humanity return to the Moon, and travel to Mars and beyond.</p><p>Congratulations to the entire SpaceX team on SN15’s successful flight and landing!</p></div>
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<div class="date">MAY 2, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Dragon Returns to Earth</div>
<div class="contents"><p>After 167 days in space, the longest duration mission for a U.S. spacecraft since the final Skylab mission in 1974, Dragon and the Crew-1 astronauts, <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/michael-s-hopkins'>Mike Hopkins</a> , <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/victor-j-glover'>Victor Glover</a> , <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/walker-shannon'>Shannon Walker</a> , and <a href='https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/astro/biographies/noguchi/index.html'>Soichi Noguchi</a> , returned to Earth on Sunday, May 2, 2021.</p><p>Dragon autonomously undocked from the International Space Station at 8:35 p.m. EDT on Saturday, May 1. The spacecraft performed a series of departure burns to move away from the orbiting laboratory. Before reentry, Dragon jettisoned its trunk to reduce weight and mass to help save propellant for the deorbit burn. The spacecraft then re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere and deployed its two drogue and four main parachutes in preparation for the soft water landing.</p><p>Approximately 6.5 hours after undocking, Dragon splashed down off the coast of Florida at 2:56 a.m. EDT on Sunday, May 2, completing the spacecraft’s first long-duration operational mission. This was also the first nighttime splashdown of a U.S. spacecraft with crew on board since Apollo 8’s return in 1968.</p><p>Upon splashdown, Dragon and the Crew-1 astronauts were quickly recovered by the SpaceX recovery team. SpaceX will transport Dragon back to Cape Canaveral for inspections and refurbishment ahead of future human spaceflight missions.</p></div>
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<div class="date">APRIL 24, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Crew-2 Mission</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Saturday, April 24 at 5:08 a.m. EDT, 9:08 UTC, SpaceX’s Dragon autonomously docked with the International Space Station (ISS) after Falcon 9 <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW07SN3YoLI&list=PLBQ5P5txVQr-vpIhzZXxfaXGk5GejnxqL&index=2&t=16015'>launched</a> the spacecraft to orbit from historic Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Friday, April 23 at 5:49 a.m. EDT, 9:49 UTC.</p><p>This is the first human spaceflight mission to fly astronauts on a flight-proven Falcon 9 and Dragon. The Falcon 9 first stage supporting this mission previously launched the <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnChQbxLkkI&t=15113s'>Crew-1</a> mission in November 2020, and the Dragon spacecraft previously flew <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/robert-l-behnken/biography/'>Robert Behnken</a> and <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley'>Douglas Hurley</a> to and from the International Space Station during SpaceX’s <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMi_m9-e9MU'>Demo-2</a> mission in 2020.</p><p>As part of the Commercial Crew Program, NASA astronauts <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/robert-shane-kimbrough'>Shane Kimbrough</a> and <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/k-megan-mcarthur'>Megan McArthur</a> , Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut <a href='https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/astro/biographies/hoshide/index.html'>Akihiko Hoshide</a> , and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut <a href='https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Thomas_Pesquet'>Thomas Pesquet</a> <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqA0ndN-rDc&list=PLBQ5P5txVQr-vpIhzZXxfaXGk5GejnxqL&index=3'>flew aboard</a> the Dragon spacecraft on its second operational mission to the space station. This was the first time Dragon flew two international partners and also the first time two Crew Dragons are attached simultaneously to the orbiting laboratory.</p><p>After an approximate six-month stay, Dragon and the Crew-2 astronauts will depart from the space station no earlier than October 31 for return to Earth and splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Florida.</p></div>
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<div class="date">APRIL 16, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Starship to Land NASA Astronauts on the Moon</div>
<div class="contents"><p>Only 24 humans have been to the Moon, and no one has been back since 1972. Today, NASA <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/as-artemis-moves-forward-nasa-picks-spacex-human-lunar-lander/' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>announced</a> they have selected Starship to land the first astronauts on the lunar surface since the Apollo program. We are humbled to help NASA usher in a new era of human space exploration.</p><p>Together, NASA and SpaceX have successfully executed similarly bold and innovative partnerships, including restoring America’s ability to launch astronauts to orbit and return them safely home. We will build upon our shared accomplishments, and leverage years of close technical collaboration to return to the Moon. In doing so, we will lay the groundwork for human exploration to Mars and beyond.</p><p>Sustaining a human presence on the Moon will require the safe and affordable transportation of crew and significant amounts of cargo. SpaceX’s <a href='/vehicles/starship'>Starship</a> spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket represent an integrated and fully reusable launch, propellant delivery, rendezvous, and planetary lander system with robust capabilities and safety features uniquely designed to deliver these essential building blocks.</p><p>Flying between lunar orbit and the surface of the Moon, Starship will carry crew and all of the supplies, equipment, and science payloads needed for extensive surface exploration. Building off the safety and reliability of Dragon and Falcon, Starship will feature proven avionics, guidance and navigation systems, autonomous rendezvous, docking and precision landing capabilities, as well as thermal protection, and a spacious cabin with familiar displays and interfaces utilized on <a href='/vehicles/dragon'>Dragon</a> .</p><p>SpaceX is rapidly advancing <a href='/vehicles/starship'>Starship</a> development, drawing on an extensive history of launch vehicle and engine development programs. Since January 2020, SpaceX has built 10 Starship prototypes, with production and fidelity accelerating on each build. SpaceX has manufactured and tested more than 60 of Starship’s Raptor engines, accumulating nearly 30,000 seconds of total test time over 567 engine starts, including on multiple Starship static fires and flight tests. We have conducted six suborbital flight tests, including two 150-m hops and four high-altitude flights. SpaceX has also built a full-size Super Heavy booster as part of a pathfinder effort, and currently has five vehicles in production.</p><p>We are honored to be a part of NASA’s Artemis Program to safely land the first woman and next man on the surface of the Moon, as the first of many, many more people to follow.</p></div>
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<div class="date">MARCH 30, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Starship SN11 High-Altitude Flight Test</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Tuesday, March 30, SpaceX launched its fourth high-altitude flight test of Starship from Starbase in Texas. Similar to previous high-altitude flight tests, <a href='https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBQ5P5txVQr9_jeZLGa0n5EIYvsOJFAnY' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Starship</a> Serial Number 11 (SN11) was powered through ascent by three Raptor engines, each shutting down in sequence prior to the vehicle reaching apogee – approximately 10 km in altitude. SN11 performed a propellant transition to the internal header tanks, which hold landing propellant, before reorienting itself for reentry and a controlled aerodynamic descent.</p><p>Shortly after the landing burn started, SN11 experienced a rapid unscheduled disassembly. Teams will continue to review data and work toward our next flight test.</p><p>Test flights are all about improving our understanding and development of a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo on long-duration interplanetary flights, and help humanity return to the Moon, and travel to Mars and beyond.</p></div>
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<div class="date">MARCH 3, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Starship SN10 High-Altitude Flight Test</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Wednesday, March 3, Starship serial number (SN10) successfully completed SpaceX’s third high-altitude flight test of a Starship prototype from our site in Cameron County, Texas.</p><p>Similar to the high-altitude flight tests of Starship <a target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qwLHlVjRyw'>SN8</a> and <a target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zZ7fIkpBgs'>SN9</a> , SN10 was powered through ascent by three Raptor engines, each shutting down in sequence prior to the vehicle reaching apogee – approximately 10 km in altitude. SN10 performed a propellant transition to the internal header tanks, which hold landing propellant, before reorienting itself for reentry and a controlled aerodynamic descent.</p><p>The Starship prototype descended under active aerodynamic control, accomplished by independent movement of two forward and two aft flaps on the vehicle. All four flaps were actuated by an onboard flight computer to control Starship’s attitude during flight and enabled a precise landing at the intended location. SN10’s Raptor engines reignited as the vehicle performed the landing flip maneuver immediately before successfully touching down on the landing pad!</p><p>As if the flight test was not exciting enough, SN10 experienced a rapid unscheduled disassembly shortly after landing. All in all a great day for the Starship teams – these test flights are all about improving our understanding and development of a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo on long-duration interplanetary flights, and help humanity return to the Moon, and travel to Mars and beyond.</p><p>Congratulations to the entire Starship and SpaceX teams on the flight test!</p></div>
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<div class="date">MARCH 2, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Dearmoon Opens Process to Join Starship Flight Around the Moon</div>
<div class="contents"><p>In 2018, Japanese entrepreneur, Yusaku Maezawa, announced the <a target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://youtu.be/zu7WJD8vpAQ?t=1587'>world’s first private passenger mission to fly by the Moon aboard Starship</a> . Known as dearMoon, this mission is an important step toward enabling access for people who dream of traveling to space. Today, the dearMoon project opened the application process for eight civilians to join Yusaku Maezawa on the week-long Starship mission around the Moon in 2023. Visit the <a target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://dearmoon.earth/#en'>dearMoon website</a> or watch the video above to learn more on how to apply and potentially become a dearMoon crew member!</p></div>
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<div class="date">FEBRUARY 2, 2021</div>
<div class="label">Starship SN9 High-Altitude Flight Test</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Tuesday, February 2, Starship serial number 9 (SN9) completed SpaceX’s <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zZ7fIkpBgs'>second high-altitude flight test of a Starship</a> prototype from our site in Cameron County, Texas.</p><p>Similar to the <a href='https://youtu.be/_qwLHlVjRyw'>high-altitude flight test of Starship serial number 8 (SN8)</a> , SN9 was powered through ascent by three Raptor engines, each shutting down in sequence prior to the vehicle reaching apogee – approximately 10 kilometers in altitude. SN9 successfully performed a propellant transition to the internal header tanks, which hold landing propellant, before reorienting itself for reentry and a controlled aerodynamic descent.</p><p>The Starship prototype descended under active aerodynamic control, accomplished by independent movement of two forward and two aft flaps on the vehicle. All four flaps are actuated by an onboard flight computer to control Starship’s attitude during flight and enable precise landing at the intended location. During the landing flip maneuver, one of the Raptor engines did not relight and caused SN9 to land at high speed and experience a RUD.</p><p>These test flights are all about improving our understanding and development of a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo on long-duration, interplanetary flights and help humanity return to the Moon, and travel to Mars and beyond.</p></div>
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<div class="date">FEBRUARY 1, 2021</div>
<div class="label">SpaceX to Launch Inspiration4 Mission to Orbit</div>
<div class="contents"><p class='animate' style='visibility: inherit; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);'>In 2020, SpaceX returned America’s ability to fly NASA astronauts to and from the International Space Station for the first time since the Space Shuttle’s last flight in 2011. In addition to flying astronauts for NASA, Dragon was also designed to carry commercial astronauts to Earth orbit, the space station, or beyond.</p><p class='animate' style='visibility: inherit; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);'>Today, it was announced SpaceX is targeting no earlier than the fourth quarter of this year for Falcon 9’s launch of Inspiration4 – the world’s first all-commercial astronaut mission to orbit – from historic Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Jared Isaacman, founder and CEO of Shift4 Payments, is donating the three seats alongside him aboard Dragon to individuals from the general public who will be announced in the weeks ahead. Learn more on how to potentially join this historic journey to space by visiting <a href='http://www.inspiration4.com/'>Inspiration4.com</a> .</p><p class='animate' style='visibility: inherit; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);'>The Inspiration4 crew will receive commercial astronaut training by SpaceX on the Falcon 9 launch vehicle and Dragon spacecraft, orbital mechanics, operating in microgravity, zero gravity, and other forms of stress testing. They will go through emergency preparedness training, spacesuit and spacecraft ingress and egress exercises, as well as partial and full mission simulations.</p><p class='animate' style='visibility: inherit; opacity: 1; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);'>This multi-day journey, orbiting Earth every 90 minutes along a customized flight path, will be carefully monitored at every step by SpaceX mission control. Upon conclusion of the mission, Dragon will reenter Earth’s atmosphere for a soft water landing off the coast of Florida.</p></div>
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<div class="date">DECEMBER 9, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Starship SN8 Takes Flight</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Wednesday, December 9, Starship serial number 8 (SN8) lifted off from our Cameron County launch pad and successfully ascended, transitioned propellant, and performed its landing flip maneuver with precise flap control to reach its landing point. Low pressure in the fuel header tank during the landing burn led to high touchdown velocity resulting in a hard (and exciting!) landing. Re-watch SN8's flight <a href='https://youtu.be/ap-BkkrRg-o?t=6462'>here.</a> </p><p>Thank you to all the locals supporting our efforts in Cameron County and beyond. Congratulations to the entire Starship and SpaceX teams on today’s test! Serial number 9 (SN9) is up next – Mars, here we come!</p></div>
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<div class="date">NOVEMBER 16, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Crew-1 Mission</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Monday, November 16 at 11:01 p.m. EST, 04:01 UTC on November 17, SpaceX’s Dragon autonomously docked with the International Space Station (ISS) after Falcon 9 <a href='https://youtu.be/bnChQbxLkkI'>launched</a> the spacecraft to orbit from historic Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Sunday, November 15, 2020.</p><p>As part of the Commercial Crew Program, NASA astronauts <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/michael-s-hopkins'>Mike Hopkins</a> , <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/victor-j-glover'>Victor Glover</a> , <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/walker-shannon/'>Shannon Walker</a> , and JAXA astronaut <a href='https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/astro/biographies/noguchi/index.html'>Soichi Noguchi</a> <a href='https://youtu.be/eVB02SSeqgQ'>flew aboard Dragon</a> on its first six-month operational mission to the space station. After its approximately six-month stay at the orbiting laboratory, Dragon and the astronauts will return to Earth and splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Florida.</p><p>Following Dragon’s second demonstration mission (Demo-2), NASA <a href='/updates/nasa-certification-11-10-2020'>certified</a> SpaceX for operational crew missions to and from the space station. Crew-1 is the first of three scheduled Dragon human spaceflights over the course of 2020 and 2021.</p><p>The return of human spaceflight to the United States with one of the safest, most advanced systems ever built is a turning point for America’s future space exploration, and it lays the groundwork for missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.</p></div>
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<div class="date">NOVEMBER 10, 2020</div>
<div class="label">NASA Certifies SpaceX for Human Spaceflight</div>
<div class="contents"><p>Today, <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-and-spacex-complete-certification-of-first-human-rated-commercial-space-system'>NASA announced</a> it has certified SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and Crew Dragon human spaceflight system for crew missions to and from the International Space Station – the first commercial system in history to achieve such designation. Not since the certification of the space shuttle nearly 40 years ago has NASA certified a spacecraft, rocket, and ground support systems for regular flights with astronauts.</p><p>Launched atop <a href='/vehicles/falcon-9'>Falcon 9</a> on May 30, 2020, <a href='/vehicles/dragon'>Dragon</a> 's second demonstration flight test to and from the space station restored human spaceflight to the United States for the first time in almost a decade. That flight was the culmination of years of development, testing, and training—all throughout safety remained SpaceX’s top priority.</p><p>SpaceX put every component of every system through its paces, including two flight tests to and from the International Space Station, demonstrations of Dragon’s escape system both on the launch pad and in-flight, over 700 tests of the spacecraft's SuperDraco engines, more than 500 joint soft-capture docking tests to validate the performance of Dragon’s docking system design, about 8,000,000 hours of hardware in the loop software testing, and nearly 100 tests and flights of Dragon’s parachutes to ensure a safe landing back on Earth—in addition to all of the knowledge gained from twenty previous successful cargo resupply missions to the space station and over forty Falcon 9 block 5 launches.</p><p>SpaceX and NASA are targeting Saturday, November 14 at 7:49 p.m. EST for the launch of the first crew rotation mission (Crew-1) to the <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html'>International Space Station</a> as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew-1 mission will launch NASA astronauts <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/michael-s-hopkins'>Michael Hopkins</a> , <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/victor-j-glover'>Victor Glover</a> , and <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/walker-shannon'>Shannon Walker</a> , along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) mission specialist <a href='https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/astro/biographies/noguchi/index.html'>Soichi Noguchi</a> , from historic Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.</p><p>Human spaceflight is SpaceX’s core mission, and we take seriously the responsibility that NASA has entrusted in us to safely carry astronauts to and from the International Space Station. We are humbled to help NASA usher in a new era of space exploration.</p></div>
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<div class="date">OCTOBER 24, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Starlink Mission: SpaceX's 100th Successful Flight</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Saturday, October 24 at 11:31 a.m. EDT, 11:31 UTC, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket launched 60 Starlink satellites to orbit from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.</p><p>Falcon 9’s first stage previously supported the GPS III Space Vehicle 03 mission in June 2020 and a Starlink mission in September 2020. Following stage separation, SpaceX landed Falcon 9’s first stage on the “Just Read the Instructions” droneship, which was stationed in the Atlantic Ocean. The Starlink satellites deployed approximately 1 hour and 3 minutes after liftoff.</p><p>If you would like to receive updates on Starlink news and service availability in your area, please visit <a href='https://www.starlink.com/'>starlink.com</a> .</p><p>This mission also marked the 100th successful flight of a Falcon rocket since Falcon 1 first flew to orbit in 2008.</p><p>SpaceX believes that fully and rapidly reusable rockets are the pivotal breakthrough needed to dramatically reduce the cost of access to space to enable people to travel to and live on other planets. While most rockets are expendable after launch — akin to throwing away an airplane after a one-way trip from Los Angeles to New York — SpaceX is working toward a future in which reusable rockets are the norm.</p><p>Of its now 100 successful flights of Falcon rockets, SpaceX has landed a Falcon first stage rocket booster 63 times and re-flown boosters 45 times. This year, SpaceX twice accomplished the sixth flight of an orbital rocket booster. And, in the ten years since its demonstration mission, Falcon 9 has become the most-flown operational rocket in the United States, overtaking expendable rockets that have been launching for decades.</p><p>The difficulty of precision landing an orbital rocket after it reenters Earth’s atmosphere at hypersonic velocity is not to be overlooked — SpaceX remains the only launch provider in the world capable of accomplishing this task. At 14 stories tall and traveling upwards of 1300 m/s (nearly 1 mi/s), stabilizing Falcon 9’s first stage booster for landing is like trying to balance a rubber broomstick on your hand in the middle of a hurricane. While recovery and re-flight of an orbital rocket booster may now seem routine, developing Falcon such that it would withstand reentry and return for landing was generally accepted as impossible — and SpaceX learned many lessons on the <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvim4rsNHkQ'>road to reusability</a> .</p><p>SpaceX’s accomplishments with flight-proven rockets and spacecraft have allowed us to further advance the fleet’s reliability and reusability, as well as inform the development of Starship — SpaceX’s next-generation fully and rapidly reusable super heavy lift transportation system. Starship’s capability of full and rapid reuse will lower the cost of spaceflight to help humanity return to the Moon, travel to Mars, and ultimately become multi-planetary.</p></div>
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<div class="date">SEPTEMBER 25, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Space Force Selects SpaceX's Proven Capabilities</div>
<div class="contents"><p>Ahead of Falcon 9’s upcoming launch of GPS III-4, the United States Space Force’s Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) <a href='https://www.losangeles.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2362230/us-space-forces-space-and-missile-systems-center-announces-landmark-contract-mo/' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>announced</a> today an agreement with SpaceX to recover the first stage booster and, for the first time on a National Security Space Launch (NSSL) mission, launch previously flown boosters on future GPS missions. SpaceX is proud to leverage its flight-proven capabilities toward national security space launch missions.</p><p>SpaceX was also recently <a href='https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2305576/space-force-awards-national-security-space-launch-phase-2-launch-service-contra/' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>selected</a> by the Space Force to carry out critical National Security Space Launch (NSSL) missions ordered over the next five years. SpaceX will build upon our years-long collaboration with the United States Air Force and the National Reconnaissance Office to utilize the operationally mature Falcon fleet, which has achieved NSSL certification and completed a combined 95 orbital missions to date for a variety of customers. With <a href='/vehicles/falcon-9' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Falcon 9</a> and <a href='/vehicles/falcon-heavy' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Falcon Heavy</a> , SpaceX is capable of performing every type of national security space mission, to every required reference orbit, with significant performance and schedule margin.</p><p>To meet or exceed the demanding and unique requirements of the NSSL program, SpaceX invested over a billion dollars of its own money into the Falcon fleet and the associated ground infrastructure, manufacturing processes, payload integration procedures, and mission assurance processes. This private investment over multiple years reflects SpaceX’s deep commitment to reliably launching our customers' payloads to orbit. And, as SpaceX brought competition back to national security space launch, the United States Air Force saved <a href='https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2305576/space-force-awards-national-security-space-launch-phase-2-launch-service-contra/' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>billions</a> in critical taxpayer funds.</p><p>SpaceX is honored to support the United States Space Force with a solution given the highest possible rating for system capability, schedule readiness, and system risk, using a mix of new and flight-proven launch vehicles. We look forward to leveraging this extensive capability to continue delivering the country’s most reliable and affordable launch services for years to come.</p></div>
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<div class="date">AUGUST 5, 2020</div>
<div class="label">STARSHIP TAKES FLIGHT</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Tuesday, August 4 at 4:56 p.m. CDT in Boca Chica, Texas, <a href='https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/' target='_blank'>Starship</a> serial number 5 (SN5) lifted-off from its launch mount and flew to a height of 150 meters before successfully touching down on a near-by landing pad.</p><p>On this flight test, SN5 was powered by a single Raptor engine – a reusable methalox full-flow staged-combustion rocket engine. This test flight was an important step in development of SpaceX’s fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond.</p></div>
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<div class="date">AUGUST 2, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Returning Human Spaceflight to the U.S.</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Saturday, May 30, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launched Crew Dragon’s second demonstration <a href='../static/images/backgrounds/demo2patch_final.png' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>(Demo-2)</a> mission from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley aboard the spacecraft. Dragon autonomously docked to the International Space Station on Sunday, May 31, 2020.</p><p>Sixty-three days later, Crew Dragon undocked and departed from the orbiting laboratory, before successfully splashing down in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida on Sunday, August 2 at 2:48 p.m. EDT. This test flight marked the return of human spaceflight to the United States and the first-time in history a commercial company successfully took astronauts to orbit and back.</p><p>The <a href='https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBQ5P5txVQr-vpIhzZXxfaXGk5GejnxqL' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Demo-2</a> mission was also the final major test milestone for SpaceX’s human spaceflight system to be certified by NASA for operational crew missions to and from the International Space Station. With the Demo-2 mission now complete, SpaceX and NASA teams are reviewing all the data for certification before NASA astronauts Victor Glover, Mike Hopkins, Shannon Walker, and JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi fly on Dragon’s first six-month operational mission (Crew-1), targeted for late September.</p></div>
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<div class="date">MAY 30, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Crew Demo-2 Launch and Docking</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Saturday, May 30 at 3:22 p.m. EDT, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launched Crew Dragon’s second demonstration (Demo-2) mission from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and the next day Crew Dragon autonomously docked to the International Space Station. This test flight with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley on board the Dragon spacecraft returned human spaceflight to the United States.</p><p>Demo-2 is the final major test for SpaceX’s human spaceflight system to be certified by NASA for operational crew missions to and from the International Space Station. SpaceX is returning human spaceflight to the United States with one of the safest, most advanced systems ever built, and NASA’s Commercial Crew Program is a turning point for America’s future in space exploration that lays the groundwork for future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.</p></div>
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<div class="date">APRIL 28, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Astronomy Discussion with National Academy of Sciences</div>
<div class="contents"><p>SpaceX is launching Starlink to provide high-speed, low-latency broadband connectivity across the globe, including to locations where internet has traditionally been too expensive, unreliable, or entirely unavailable. We also firmly believe in the importance of a natural night sky for all of us to enjoy, which is why we have been working with leading astronomers around the world to better understand the specifics of their observations and engineering changes we can make to reduce satellite brightness. Our goals include:</p><p><strong>Making the satellites generally invisible to the naked eye within a week of launch.</strong></p><p>We're doing this by changing the way the satellites fly to their operational altitude, so that they fly with the satellite knife-edge to the Sun. We are working on implementing this as soon as possible for all satellites since it is a software change.</p><p><strong>Minimizing Starlink's impact on astronomy by darkening satellites so they do not saturate observatory detectors.</strong></p><p>We're accomplishing this by adding a deployable visor to the satellite to block sunlight from hitting the brightest parts of the spacecraft. The first unit is flying on the next launch, and by flight 9 in June all future Starlink satellites will have sun visors. Additionally, information about our satellites' orbits are located on <a href='space-track.org' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>space-track.org</a> to facilitate observation scheduling for astronomers. We are interested in feedback on ways to improve the utility and timeliness of this information.</p><p>To better explain the details of brightness mitigation efforts, we need to explain more about how the Starlink satellites work.</p><p><strong>Starlink Orbits</strong></p><p>Starlink has three phases of flight: (1) orbit raise, (2) parking orbit (380 km above Earth), and (3) on-station (550 km above Earth). During orbit raise the satellites use their thrusters to raise altitude over the course of a few weeks. Some of the satellites go directly to station while others pause in the parking orbit to allow the satellites to precess to a different orbital plane. Once satellites are on-station they reconfigure so the antennas face Earth and the solar array goes vertical so that it can track the Sun to maximize power generation. As a result of this maneuver, the satellites become much darker because the solar array visibility from the ground is greatly reduced.</p><p>Currently, about half of the over 400 satellites are on-station and the other half are orbit raising or in the parking orbit. Satellites spend a small fraction of their lives orbit raising or parking and spend the vast majority of their lives on-station. It's important to note that at any given time, only about several hundred satellites will be orbit raising or parking. The rest of the satellites will be in the operational orbit on-station.</p><p><strong>Starlink Satellite</strong></p><p>The Starlink satellite design was driven by the fact that they fly at a very low altitude compared to other communications satellites. We do this to prioritize space traffic safety and to minimize the latency of the signal between the satellite and the users who are getting internet service from it. Because of the low altitude, drag is a major factor in the design. During orbit raise, the satellites must minimize their cross-sectional area relative to the 'wind,' otherwise drag will cause them to fall out of orbit. High drag is a double-edged sword—it means that flying the satellites is tricky, but it also means that any satellites that are experiencing problems will de-orbit quickly and safely burn up in the atmosphere. This reduces the amount of orbital debris or 'space junk' in orbit.</p><p>This low-drag and thrusting flight configuration resembles an open book, where the solar array is laid out flat in front of the vehicle. When Starlink satellites are orbit raising, they roll to a limited extent about the velocity vector for power generation, always keeping the cross sectional area minimized while keeping the antennas facing Earth enough to stay in contact with the ground stations.</p><p>When the satellites reach their operational orbit of 550 km, drag is still a factor—so any inoperable satellite will quickly decay—but the attitude control system is able to overcome this drag with the solar array raised above the satellite in a vertical orientation that we call 'shark-fin.' This is the orientation in which the satellite spends the majority of its operational life.</p><p><strong>Satellite Visibility</strong></p><p>Satellites are visible from the ground at sunrise or sunset. This happens because the satellites are illuminated by the Sun but people or telescopes on the ground are in the dark. These conditions only happen for a fraction of Starlink's 90-minute orbit.</p><p>This simple diagram highlights why satellites in orbit raise are so much brighter than the satellites that are on-station. During orbit raise, when the solar array is in open book, sunlight can reflect off of both the solar array and the body of the satellite and hit the ground. Once on-station, only certain parts of the chassis can reflect light to the ground.</p><p><strong>Physics of Satellite Brightness</strong></p><p>The apparent magnitude of an object is a measure of the brightness of a star or object observed from Earth. It is a reverse logarithmic scale, so higher numbers correspond to dimmer objects. A star of magnitude 3 is approximately 2.5 times brighter than a star of magnitude 4. Based on observations that have been taken by us and by members of the astronomical community, current Starlink satellites have an average apparent magnitude of 5.5 when on-station and brighter during orbit raise. Objects up to about magnitude 6.5-7 are visible to the naked eye (naked-eye visibility is closer to 4 in most suburbs), and our goal is for Starlink satellites to be magnitude 7 or better for almost all phases of their mission.</p><p>There are two types of reflections off of Starlink satellites: diffuse and specular. Diffuse reflections occur when light is scattered in many different directions. Imagine shining a flashlight at a white wall. Specular reflections happen when light is reflected in a particular direction. For example, the glint of sunlight off of a mirror. Diffuse reflections are the biggest contributor to observed brightness on the ground, because diffuse reflections go in all directions. You can see diffuse reflections as long as the satellite is visible. This is why Starlink satellites can create the 'string of pearls' effect in the night sky. It's a little counter-intuitive, but the shiny components of the Starlink satellites are a much smaller problem. Whether diffuse or specular, having a high reflectance helps the satellites stay cool in space. When sunlight hits a specular surface of the spacecraft and reflects, the vast majority of light reflects in the specular (mirror reflection) direction, which is generally out toward space (not toward Earth). Occasionally when it does, the glint only lasts for a second or less. In fact, specular surfaces tend to be the dimmest part of the satellite unless you are at just the right geometry.</p><p>The biggest contributors to Starlink being bright are the white diffuse phased array antennas on the bottom of the satellite, the white diffuse parabolic antennas on the sides (not shown below), and the white diffuse back side of the solar array. These surfaces are all white to keep temperatures down so components do not overheat. The key to making Starlink darker is to prevent sunlight from illuminating these white surfaces and scattering via reflection toward observers on the ground. While in orbit raise and the parking orbit the solar array dominates due to the much larger surface area. However, once the satellites are at their operational altitude, the antennas dominate because the bright backside of the solar array is shadowed.</p><p><strong>Solutions In-Work</strong></p><p>We've taken an experimental and iterative approach to reducing the brightness of the Starlink satellites. Orbital brightness is an extremely difficult problem to tackle analytically, so we've been hard at work on both ground and on-orbit testing.</p><p>For example, earlier this year we launched DarkSat, which is an experimental satellite where we darkened the phased array and parabolic antennas designed to tackle on-station brightness. This reduced the brightness of the satellite by about 55%, as was verified by differential optical measurements comparing DarkSat to other nearby Starlink satellites. This is nearly enough of a brightness reduction to make the satellite invisible to the naked eye while on-station. However, black surfaces in space get hot and reflect some light (including in the IR spectrum), so we are moving forward with a sun visor solution instead. This avoids thermal issues due to black paint, and is expected to be darker than DarkSat since it will block all light from reaching the white diffuse antennas.</p><p><strong>Early Mission (Orbit Raise and Parking Orbit) Roll Maneuver</strong></p><p>Since the visor is intended to help with brightness while on-station, it does not shade the back of the solar array, which means that it will not prevent orbit raise and parking orbit brightness. For this, we are working on changing the way the satellite flies up from insertion to parking orbit and to station.</p><p>We're currently testing rolling the satellite so the vector of the Sun is in-plane with the satellite body, i.e. so the satellite is knife-edge to the Sun. This would reduce the light reflected onto Earth by reducing the surface area that receives light. This is possible when orbit raising and parking in the precession orbit because we don't have to constrain the antennas to be nadir facing to provide coverage to internet users. However, there are a couple of nuanced reasons why this is tricky to implement. First, rolling the solar array away from the Sun reduces the amount of power available to the satellite. Second, because the antennas will sometimes be rolled away from the ground, contact time with the satellites will be reduced. Third, the star tracker cameras are located on the sides of the chassis (the only place they can go and have adequate field of view). Rolling knife edge to the Sun can point one star tracker directly at the Earth and the other one directly at the Sun, which would cause the satellite to have degraded attitude knowledge.</p><p>There will be a small percentage of instances when the satellites cannot roll all the way to true knife edge to the Sun due to one of the aforementioned constraints. This could result in the occasional set of Starlink satellites in the orbit raise of flight that are temporarily visible for one part of an orbit.</p><p><strong>On-Station Brightness</strong></p><p>Satellites spend most of their lives on-station, where they will always be in the shark-fin configuration during visible passes. We can adjust the solar array positioning in this configuration to reflect light from its largely specular solar cells away from Earth and to partially hide it behind the chassis. The main remaining goal is to block the phased arrays and antennae from direct view of the sun. The goal is to cover the white phased array antennas and the parabolic antennas on the sides of the satellite.</p><p>Using our low orbital altitude and flat satellite geometry to our advantage, we designed an RF-transparent deployable visor for the satellite that blocks the light from reaching most of the satellite body and all of the diffuse parts of the main body. This visor lays flat on the chassis during launch and deploys during satellite separation from Falcon 9. The visor prevents light from reflecting off of the diffuse antennas by blocking the light from reaching the antennas altogether. Not only does this approach avoid the thermal impacts from surface darkening the antennas, but it should also have a larger impact on brightness reduction. As previously noted, the first VisorSat prototype will launch in May and we will have these black, specular visors on all satellites by June. The parabolic antennas on the sides of the Starlink satellite also have visor-like coverings that darken them.</p><p>We have been working with leading astronomical groups in this effort—in particular the American Astronomical Society and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory—to better understand the methods and instruments employed by the astronomy community. With AAS, we have increased our understanding of the community as a whole through regular calls with a working group of astronomers during which we discuss technical details, provide updates, and work on how we can protect astronomical observations moving forward. A post on some of our sessions is <a href='https://aas.org/posts/advocacy/2019/12/aas-works-mitigate-impact-satellite-constellations-ground-based-observing' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>here</a> . One particularly useful presentation from a member of this working group is <a href='https://www.nsf.gov/attachments/299316/public/12_Satellite_Constellations_and_Astronomy-Pat_Seitzer.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>here</a> .</p><p>While community understanding is critical to this problem, engineering problems are difficult to solve without specifics. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory was repeatedly flagged as the most difficult case to solve, so we've spent the last few months working very closely with a technical team there to do just that. Among other useful thoughts and discussions, the Vera Rubin team has provided a target brightness reduction that we are using to guide our engineering efforts as we iterate on brightness solutions.</p><p>These technical and community discussions are paired with our existing efforts to make the satellites easier for astronomers to avoid. Starlink trajectories are published through <a href='http://space-track.org' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>space-track.org</a> and <a href='http://celestrak.com/' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>celestrak.com</a> , which many astronomers use in timing their observations to avoid satellite streaks. We've also started publishing predictive data prior to launch at the request of astronomers. These allow observatories to schedule around the satellites in the first few hours of deployment (as satellites de-tumble and enter the network).</p><p>Vera Rubin has been described as the limiting case for Starlink, due to its enormous aperture and wide field of view. These two characteristics work in concert to produce the perfect storm for satellite observations. Most astronomical systems look at an extremely small section of the sky (less than 1 degree), which makes it exceedingly unlikely that a satellite will cross in front of the imaging system in a given observation. On the other hand, systems with very large fields of view normally aren't extremely sensitive, meaning that, while streaks will occur, they will have a small impact on the overall data collection. This is why we've been working so closely with the team at the Rubin Observatory. In fact, despite its wide field of view, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory is sensitive enough to detect a sunlit golf ball as far away as the Moon.</p><p>So what can we do to mitigate our impact on these edge cases of wide, fast survey telescopes?</p><p><strong>Minimizing the Impact on Astronomy</strong></p><p>The huge collecting area of a larger telescopes like Vera C. Rubin Observatory leads to a sensitivity that will render even the darkest satellites visible.They are so sensitive that it won't be possible to build a satellite that will not produce streaks, in a typical long integration. There is much that can be done to reduce the impact of satellite streaks, and that starts with an understanding of how astronomical sensors work.</p><p>The astronomical community has done a great job of educating us on their imaging techniques. Optical systems use mirrors or lenses to focus light onto an imaging sensor. Most optical astronomy instruments use sensors called charge-coupled-devices (CCDs) as their detectors because astronomical targets, such as distant supernovae and galaxies, are generally dim–at the limit of what can be detected by a sensor. For these applications, the lower noise level of CCDs allows for a higher signal-to-noise ratio for a given image, making it easier to see very faint features in the universe.</p><p>However, CCDs suffer from a key drawback: when compared to other common sensors, like the CMOS sensor in your cell phone. If you point your cell phone at a bright light, you'll see all the pixels saturate and turn white in the region of the bright source. If you look at the same target with an optical system that uses a CCD sensor, you'll notice that this bright spot extends to create vertical stripes on the image.</p><p>This difference is due to the way each sensor type reads the values for each pixel. While a CMOS sensor essentially has an amplifier at each pixel that turns the light collected into a digital value, a CCD sensor has a limited number of amplifiers and moves the collected light (in the form of electrons) across the sensor, to be digitized. This mechanism means that a saturated pixel on a CCD tends to wipe out data from an entire column of pixels.</p><p>This effect, commonly referred to as 'blooming,' is one example of how a very small but bright source of light can impact an astronomical observation. This principle is the core of our mitigation efforts. While it will not be possible to create satellites that are invisible to the most advanced optical equipment on Earth, by reducing the brightness of the satellites, we can make the existing strategies for dealing with similar issues, such as frame-stacking, dramatically more effective.</p><p><strong>Future Satellites</strong></p><p>SpaceX is committed to making future satellite designs as dark as possible. The next generation satellite, designed to take advantage of Starship's unique launch capabilities, will be specifically designed to minimize brightness while also increasing the number of consumers that it can serve with high-speed internet access.</p><p>While SpaceX is the first large constellation manufacturer and operator to address satellite brightness, we won't be the last. As launch costs continue to drop, more constellations will emerge and they too will need to ensure that the optical properties of their satellites don't create problems for observers on the ground. This is why we are working to make this problem easier for everyone to solve in the future.</p></div>
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<div class="label">Crew Demo-2 Mission</div>
<div class="contents"><p>SpaceX and NASA are targeting May 27 for Falcon 9’s launch of Crew Dragon’s second demonstration mission (Demo-2) from historic Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida as part of NASA’s <a href='https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Commercial Crew Program</a> . NASA astronauts <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/robert-l-behnken/biography/' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Bob Behnken</a> and <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/douglas-g-hurley/biography/' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Doug Hurley</a> will be the first two NASA astronauts to fly onboard the Dragon spacecraft as part of the Demo-2 mission to and from the International Space Station, which will return human spaceflight to the United States since the Space Shuttle was retired in 2011.</p><p>Filled with approximately 4,500 pounds of supplies and payloads, Dragon launched aboard a Falcon 9 rocket on March 6, 2020 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The Dragon spacecraft that supported the CRS-20 mission previously supported the CRS-10 mission in February 2017 and the CRS-16 mission in December 2018. Dragon is the only spacecraft currently flying that's capable of returning significant amounts of cargo to Earth.</p><p>The Falcon 9 launch vehicle and Crew Dragon spacecraft that will support Demo-2 are onsite at SpaceX’s facilities in Florida. To mark the return of human spaceflight on American rockets from American soil, <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-worm-is-back/' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>NASA has revived their worm logo for Demo-2</a> .</p><p>In preparation for Demo-2, SpaceX has completed a number of major milestones for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. In March 2019, SpaceX completed an end-to-end <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-wBgsf8jWY&feature=youtu.be' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>test flight of Crew Dragon</a> without NASA astronauts onboard, making Dragon the first American spacecraft to autonomously dock with the International Space Station and safely return to Earth.</p><p>In January 2020, SpaceX demonstrated <a href='../crew-dragon-launch-escape-demonstration' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Crew Dragon's in-flight launch escape capability</a> to reliably carry crew to safety in the unlikely event of an emergency on the launch pad or at any point during ascent. SpaceX has completed over 700 tests of the spacecraft's SuperDraco engines, which fired together at full throttle can power Dragon 0.5 miles away from Falcon 9 in 7.5 seconds, accelerating the vehicle more than 400 mph.</p><p>SpaceX has completed 27 tests of Crew Dragon’s enhanced Mark 3 parachute design, which will provide a safe landing back on Earth for astronauts returning from the Space Station. These tests include 13 successful single parachute drop tests, 12 successful multi-parachute tests, and a successful demonstration of the upgraded parachute system during Crew Dragon’s <a href='https://www.spacex.com/news/2020/01/19/crew-dragon-launch-escape-demonstration' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>in-flight abort test</a> .</p><p>Additionally, SpaceX and NASA have jointly executed a <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-spacex-simulate-upcoming-crew-mission-with-astronauts/' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>series of mission simulations</a> from launch and docking to departure and landing, an <a href='https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2020/04/07/nasa-spacex-team-up-for-emergency-egress-exercise/' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>end-to-end demonstration of pad rescue operations</a> , and a fully integrated test of critical crew flight hardware on the Demo-2 Crew Dragon spacecraft with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley participating in their Demo-2 spacesuits.</p><p>Demo-2 is the final major test for SpaceX’s human spaceflight system to be certified by NASA for operational crew missions to and from the International Space Station. Once Demo-2 is complete, and the SpaceX and NASA teams have reviewed all the data for certification, NASA astronauts <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/victor-j-glover/biography' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Victor Glover</a> , <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/michael-s-hopkins/biography' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Mike Hopkins</a> , <a href='https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/shannon-walker/biography' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Shannon Walker</a> and JAXA astronaut <a href='https://iss.jaxa.jp/en/astro/biographies/noguchi/index.html' rel='noopener' target='_blank'>Soichi Noguchi</a> have been assigned to fly on Dragon’s first six-month operational mission (Crew-1) targeted for later this year.</p><p>SpaceX is returning human spaceflight to the United States with one of the safest, most advanced systems ever built, and NASA’s Commercial Crew Program is a turning point for America’s future in space exploration that lays the groundwork for future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.</p></div>
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<div class="date">JANUARY 19, 2020</div>
<div class="label">Crew Dragon Launch Escape Demonstration</div>
<div class="contents"><p>On Sunday, January 19, SpaceX successfully completed an in-flight test of Crew Dragon’s launch escape capabilities from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This test, which did not have NASA astronauts onboard the spacecraft, demonstrated Crew Dragon’s ability to reliably carry crew to safety in the unlikely event of an emergency on ascent. Falcon 9 and Dragon lifted off at 10:30 a.m. EST, or 15:30 UTC, with the abort sequence initiating approximately one and a half minutes into flight.</p><p>Crew Dragon's eight SuperDraco engines powered the spacecraft away from Falcon 9 at speeds of over 400 mph. Following separation, Dragon's trunk was released and the spacecraft's parachutes were deployed, first the two drogue parachutes followed by the four upgraded Mark III parachutes. Dragon safely splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean and teams successfully recovered the spacecraft onto SpaceX's recovery vessel. You can watch a replay of launch above and learn more about the mission <a href='../../media/in-flight_abort_test_press_kit.pdf' target='_blank'>here</a> .</p></div>
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<div class="date">SEPTEMBER 29, 2019</div>
<div class="label">Starship Update</div>
<div class="contents"><p>SpaceX's Starship and Super Heavy launch vehicle is a fully, rapidly reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars, and anywhere else in the solar system. On Saturday, September 28 at our launch facility in Cameron County, Texas, SpaceX Chief Engineer Elon Musk provided an update on the design and development of Starship.</p></div>
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Alkarex
added
Feed problem 🗞️
and removed
Bug (confirmed) 🐞
I have switched my docker container to
I have also found that if I disable javascipt in the browser, I get the same results that FreshRSS gets. |
Yes, that it why it could be worth trying our new JSON scraping mode instead of HTML+XPath |
I'm looking at the "JSON (dot notation)" feed source option, and I'll admit that I'm a little confused about how to use this. Could you point me to some documentation for scraping the feed data using JSON? EDIT: I found this for that page: https://content.spacex.com/api/spacex-website/updates which provides JSON for the content, but if I use that link at put |
Alkarex
added a commit
to Alkarex/FreshRSS
that referenced
this issue
May 21, 2024
Allow consuming a JSON array in which entries are top level FreshRSS#6474
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I have just patched our JSON mode to allow consuming this feed #6476 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<opml xmlns:frss="https://freshrss.org/opml" version="2.0">
<head>
<title>FreshRSS</title>
<dateCreated>Tue, 21 May 2024 23:52:40 +0200</dateCreated>
</head>
<body>
<outline text="spacex" type="JSON+DotNotation"
xmlUrl="https://content.spacex.com/api/spacex-website/updates"
htmlUrl="https://content.spacex.com/api/spacex-website/updates"
description="Spacex"
frss:jsonItem="."
frss:jsonItemTitle="title"
frss:jsonItemContent="contentBlocks[0].paragraph"
frss:jsonItemUri="updateId"
frss:jsonItemTimestamp="date"
/>
</body>
</opml>I have not taken the time to add pictures.
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How long does it take for the commit to be pushed to EDIT: Yeah, the docker hasn't been updated yet. Please don't feel pressured if this is a manual action. I am unaware of the exact process for pushing to Dockerhub — I don't know if it's automated and is just waiting on a build process to finish, or if you have to manually do it. In any case, I really appreciate the help, and the very prompt responses! |
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This PR is not yet merged in To test a PR, you need to point your Docker or Docker Compose to the right PR, as such: freshrss:
image: freshrss/freshrss:6476
build:
context: https://github.com/Alkarex/FreshRSS.git#dot
dockerfile: Docker/Dockerfile-Alpine
... |
Alkarex
added a commit
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May 22, 2024
* Fix JSON Dot direct array Allow consuming a JSON array in which entries are top level #6474 * Allow $ as root
|
I have updated to 1.24.0, but I'm still not getting any entries showing up. Now, at least, it's no longer showing a parsing error for the JSON, but it's just not fetching any entries, at all with JSON. I have the exact same configuration as was stated in this comment. I have even purged, and reupdated the feed. |
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Could you try to delete your feed and import the provided OPML? |
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Alright that OPML seems to work. That's so strange — I swear my feeds settings are the same. Maybe it got glitched out before the update. Regardless, I'll close this issue since it's resolved. Thanks for all the help! |
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Describe the bug
I was creating a feed using XPath scraping and, interestingly, the results are skipping a bunch of entries, and only pulling older ones.
To Reproduce
https://spacex.com/updates//div[@id="rows"]/div[@class="row"]descendant::div[@class="label"]descendant::div[@class="contents"]concat("https://spacex.com/updates/#", descendant::div[1]/@id)descendant::div[@class="date"]Expected behavior
I would expect that it would be able to retrieve the most recent ones. If I use the exact same XPath within Firefox, I am able to retrieve the most recent entries.
FreshRSS version
1.23.1
Environment information
Additional context
No response
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